Difference Between Ionic, Covalent and Metallic bonds

The attractive force which holds together the atoms or group of atoms in a chemical species is known as a chemical bond. The definition of the chemical bond as a shared electron pair could be extended to describe the dative bond and the elaboration of Lewis acid/base interactions.

Table of Contents

Ionic bond

The ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds join metals to non-metals.

Covalent bond

The covalent bond is also called a shared bond. These bonds join non-metals to non-metals.

What are Metallic bonds?

Metallic bonds are the chemical bonds that join metals to metals.

Difference Between Ionic bond, Covalent bond, and Metallic bond

To make you understand how Ionic, covalent and metallic bonds are different from each other, here are some of the major differences between Ionic, covalent and metallic bonds:

IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND METALLIC BOND
Occurs during the transfer of electrons Occurs when 2 atoms share their valence electrons The attraction of metal cations/atoms and delocalized electrons
Binding energy is higher than the metallic bond Binding energy is higher than the metallic bond Binding energy is less than covalent and ionic bond
Low conductivity Very low conductivity Has high electrical conductivity
Non-directional bond Directional bond Non-directional bond
Present only in one state: solid-state Present only in all 3 states: solid, liquid, gases Present only in one state: solid-state
Non-malleable Non-malleable Malleable
Higher melting point Lower melting point High melting point
Non-ductile Non-ductile Ductile
Higher boiling point Lower boiling point High boiling point

These were some important differences between Ionic, covalent and metallic bonds.

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Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

Q1

Given an example of ionic bond.

The bond in sodium chloride, that is salt, is an example of an ionic bond. The valence electron of sodium is transferred to chlorine’s outer electron shell. Ionic components are made up of molecules which have ionic bonding.

Q2

What are 3 types of covalent bonds?

Types of covalent bonds are: Single Covalent Bond. Double Covalent Bond. Triple Covalent Bond.

Q3

What are examples of metallic bonds?

Magnesium, sodium, and aluminium are examples of metallic bonds. Metallic bonding provides malleability, ductility, thermal and electrical conductivity, opacity, and lustre, which are all characteristics of metals.

Q4

Which bond is stronger metallic or covalent?

Except for carbon, silicon, and diamond, covalent bonds are weak. Metallic bonds are extremely strong. Because of the crystalline structure, the ionic bonds are also quite strong.

Related Links:

Difference between covalent and ionic bond Types of Bonds
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  1. A nice department for education.Love it.

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