Structure is an important topic belonging to the world of programming. And, when it comes to a competitive examination like GATE, you have to read the whole topic quite exhaustively. In this article, we have covered all the topics relevant to the structure. We hope that the notes for the CSE topics will help you understand this topic in a better way.
- What is a Structure in C?
- Syntax to Define the Structure in C
- Example of Structure in C
- How to Declare Variables of a Structure?
- How to Access Data Members of a Structure Using a Struct Variable?
- Detailed Example of Structure in C
- Practice Problems – Structure in C
- FAQs Related to Structure in C
What is a Structure in C?
Structures are the user-defined data type, which allow us to collect the group of different data types. Here, all the individual components or elements of structures are known as a member.
Syntax to Define the Structure in C
Example of Structure in C
You can understand the structure in C with the help of the example below:
struct student name
{ int rollnumber;
char name[20];
Float percentage;
};
Here struct Student is keeping the information of a student which consists of three data fields, roll number, name, and percentage. These fields are known as structure elements or members.
These elements can be of different data types. For example, here roll number is int type, the name is char type, etc.
Memory Allocation In Structure in C
How to Declare Variables of a Structure?
We can declare the variables in two ways, the syntax is given below:
struct struct_name var_name;
Or
struct struct_name {
DataType member1_name;
DataType member2_name;
DataType member3_name;
…
} var_name;
How to Access Data Members of a Structure Using a Struct Variable?
var_name.member1_name;
Var_name.member2_name;
For Example:
struct Employee
{
char name[20];
int age;
char department[15];
//F for female and M for male
char gender;
};
struct Employee e1, e2; //declaring variables of struct Employee
In this above code, we have declared the variables separately. We can also declare the variables within the definition of structure.
For Example:
struct Employee
{
char name[20];
int age;
char department[15];
//F for female and M for male
char gender;
}E1, E2;
Detailed Example of Structure in C
#include <stdio.h>
/* Created a structure here. The name of the structure is
* EmployeeData.
*/
struct EmployeeData{
char *emp_name;
int emp_id;
int emp_age;
};
int main()
{
/* employee is the variable of structure EmployeeData*/
struct EmployeeData employee;
/*Assigning the values of each struct member here*/
employee.emp_name = “John”;
employee.emp_id = 1234;
employee.emp_age = 40;
/* Displaying the values of struct members */
printf(“Employee Name is: %s”, employee.emp_name);
printf(“\nEmployee Id is: %d”, employee.emp_id);
printf(“\nEmployee Age is: %d”, employee.emp_age);
return 0;
}
Output of the Above Code:
Employee Name is: John
Employee Id is: 1234
Employee Age is: 40
Practice Problems – Structure in C
Q. Consider the following C program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[ ] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10};
int i, sum = 0, *b = a + 4;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
sum = sum + (*b – i) – *(b – i);
printf (“%d\n”, sum);
return 0;
}
The output of the above C program is __________.
Q. Consider the following C program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
float sum = 0.0, j = 1.0, i = 2.0;
while (i/j > 0.0625){
j = j + j;
sum = sum + i/j;
printf(“%f\n”, sum);
}
return 0;
}
The number of times the variable sum will be printed, when the above program is executed, is _________________.
Frequently Asked Questions Related to Structure in C
What is the use of struct?
‘Struct’ is a keyword that is used to create a structure.
What is a Structure in C?
Structures are the user-defined data type, which allow us to collect the group of different data types.
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