What are the essential conditions of political and social democracy?

The essential conditions of political democracy are as follows:

• Having a Constitution that vests supreme power in the people and protects fundamental rights, such as equality, liberty of thought and expression, belief, movement, communication and association. 
• Having universal adult franchise as the basis of electing representatives. 
• Having a responsible government in which the executive is answerable to the legislature and the legislature to the people. 

The essential conditions of social and economic democracy are as follows:

• The system ensuring social development that is in tune with democratic values and norms reflecting equality of social status, social security and social welfare. 
• The system facilitating a situation where the fruits of economic development reach all and especially the poor and deprived sections of the society. 

Further Reading :

• Fundamental Rights – Articles 12-35
• Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)