Frequency Distribution Table Statistics

Frequency Distribution Table – Data Collection

In our day to day life, recording of information is very crucial. A piece of information or representation of facts or ideas which can be further processed is known as data. The weather forecast, maintenance of records, dates, time everything is related to the collection of data.

The collection, presentation, analysis, organization and interpretation of observations or data is known as statistics. Using statistics, predictions about the nature of data can be made based on the previous data. Statistics are helpful when a large amount of data is to be studied and observed.

The statistical data which is collected can be represented by various methods such as tables, bar graphs, pie charts, histograms, frequency polygons etc.

In the upcoming discussion, data collection through frequency distribution table is discussed.

Examples

Example 1:

Suppose the runs scored by the 11 players of the Indian cricket team in a match are given as follows:

$25, 65, 03, 12, 35, 46, 67, 56, 00, 31, 17$

This type of data is in raw form and is known as raw data. The difference between the measure of highest and lowest value in a collection of data is known as the range. Here, the range is- $|67 – 00|, i.e. 67$

When the number of observations increases, this type of representation is quite hectic and the calculations based on this could be quite complex. As statistics is about the presentation of data in an organized form, the representation of data in tabular form is more convenient.

Considering another example: In a quiz, the marks obtained by 20 students out of 30 are given as:

$12, 15, 15, 29, 30, 21, 30, 30, 15, 17, 19, 15, 20, 20, 16, 21, 23, 24, 23, 21$

This data can be represented in tabular form as follows:

Table 1: Frequency Distribution Table (Ungrouped)

 Marks obtained in quiz Number of students(Frequency) 12 1 15 4 16 1 17 1 19 1 20 2 21 3 23 2 24 1 29 1 30 3 Total 20

The number of times a data occurs in a data set is known as the frequency of data. In the above example, frequency is the number of students who scored various marks as tabulated. This type of tabular data collection is known as an ungrouped frequency table.

What happens if instead of 20 students 200 students took the same test. Would it have been easy to represent such data in the format of ungrouped frequency distribution table? Well, obviously no. To represent a huge amount of information, the data is subdivided into groups of similar sizes known as class or class intervals and the size of each class is known as class width or class size.

Example 2

For better understanding, consider the following table which represents the height of 200 students of high school.

Table 2: Grouped Frequency Distribution Table

 Height of Students (in cm.) Number of students(Frequency) 130-139 19 140-149 42 150-159 35 160-169 78 170-189 26 Total 200

The first column of the table represents the class interval with a class width of 10. In each class, the lowest number denotes the lower class limit and the higher number indicates the upper-class limit. For the class 150-159, the lower class limit is 150 and the upper-class limit is 159. This is known as grouped frequency distribution.

This is how data is represented in tabular form. To keep learning please visit our website www.byjus.com and download BYJU’S-The Learning App from Google Play Store.