Temperature is the measure of coldness or hotness shown in terms of any measuring scale. It indicates the trajectory in which heat energy spontaneously propagates. Heat flows from a hotter body (higher temperature) to a colder body (lower temperature). Temperature is not similar to thermodynamic system energy. For example, burning wood possesses a much higher temperature than an ice glacier. However, the total heat energy accumulated in a block of wood is much lesser than the energy contained in an ice glacier. Just like density or pressure, the temperature is also called an intensive property (independent of the given matter quantity).
Temperature is a physical entity that expresses cold and hot. It is the result of thermal energy existing in all matter. Thermal energy is the source of the phenomenon of heat. Heat is the flow of energy when an object is in contact with another that is hotter or colder. Temperature is not the same as heat.
For general use cases, there are three temperature scales. The Celsius (°C) scale is the standard unit in most of the countries that have implemented the metric system of measurement. It is widely employed in all fields of science. The Fahrenheit (°F) scale is most common in the United States and a few English speaking countries. The Kelvin (K) temperature scale is recognised as the international standard unit for scientific temperature calculations. It is acquired by shifting the Celsius value by −273.15° so that absolute zero value coincides with “0 K”. Absolute zero is the lowest theoretical temperature. In this temperature state, no energy can be extracted from an object. Practically, temperature can only be achieved very closely but not reached (this is what the third law of thermodynamics states).
A wide variety of physical processes are connected to temperature. Such physical properties of bodies include density, vapour pressure, solubility, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, state of matter, strength, etc. Other related phenomena are:
- The properties and the amount of thermal radiation released from an object’s surface.
- The range and the rate at which chemical reactions happen.
- The air temperature directly affects almost every organism.
- The sound speed which is a square root function of the absolute temperature.
The video explains the basic concepts of temperature.
Important Temperature Questions with Answers
1) What is meant by temperature?
Temperature is the measure of coldness or hotness shown in terms of any measuring scale. It indicates the trajectory in which heat energy spontaneously propagates. Heat flows from a hotter body (higher temperature) to a colder body (lower temperature). Temperature is not similar to thermodynamic system energy. For example, burning wood possesses a much higher temperature than an ice glacier. However, the total heat energy accumulated in a block of wood is much lesser than the energy contained in an ice glacier. Just like density or pressure, the temperature is also called an intensive property (independent of the given matter quantity).
Temperature is a physical entity that expresses cold and hot. It is the result of thermal energy existing in all matter. Thermal energy is the source of the phenomenon of heat. Heat is the flow of energy when an object is in contact with another that is hotter or colder. Temperature is not the same as heat.
2) What are the three types of temperature measuring scales?
For general use cases, there are three temperature scales. The Celsius (°C) scale is the standard unit in most of the countries that have implemented the metric system of measurement. It is widely employed in all fields of science. The Fahrenheit (°F) scale is most common in the United States and a few English speaking countries. The Kelvin (K) temperature scale is recognised as the international standard unit for scientific temperature calculations.
3) Explain the Kelvin temperature scale.
The Kelvin (K) temperature scale is recognised as the international standard unit for scientific temperature calculations. It is acquired by shifting the Celsius value by −273.15° so that absolute zero value coincides with “0 K”. Absolute zero is the lowest theoretical temperature. In this temperature state, no energy can be extracted from an object. Practically, temperature can only be achieved very closely but not reached (this is what the third law of thermodynamics states).
4) What are the main influences of temperature in nature?
A wide variety of physical processes are connected to temperature. Such physical properties of bodies include density, vapour pressure, solubility, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, state of matter, strength, etc. Other related phenomena are:
- The properties and the amount of thermal radiation released from an object’s surface.
- The range and the rate at which chemical reactions happen.
- The air temperature directly affects almost every organism.
- The sound speed which is a square root function of the absolute temperature.
5) What is a thermometer?
The thermometer is the most common device used to measure temperature. The liquid thermometer is the most famous thermometer. It is a narrow tube filled with a small quantity of liquid mercury. As molecules are extremely tiny particles, it is necessary to use indirect techniques to calculate the kinetic energy of the substance’s molecules. As heat is transferred to the substance, molecules start to move more vigorously. This escalated motion causes a slight rise in the volume of the substance in the thermometer. This expansion gives an indirect measurement of the temperature. A rise in the substance’s volume because of the rise in the temperature is called thermal expansion.
6) Give a few examples of temperature sensors.
Thermocouples, Resistor temperature detectors, Thermistors, Infrared sensors and Semiconductors are the main temperature sensors.
7) The value of absolute zero is _____.
Answer: −273.15 °C
Explanation: The value of absolute zero is −273.15 °C.
8) A rise in the substance’s volume because of the rise in the _____ is called thermal expansion.
Answer: temperature
Explanation: A rise in the substance’s volume because of the rise in the temperature is called thermal expansion.
9) _____ flows from a hotter body to a colder body.
Answer: Heat
Explanation: Heat flows from a hotter body to a colder body.
10) _____ energy is the source of the phenomenon of heat.
Answer: Thermal
Explanation: Thermal energy is the source of the phenomenon of heat.
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Practice Questions
1 ) What is the difference between temperature and heat?
2) What is thermal expansion?
3) What is meant by absolute zero?
4) What are the consequences of absolute zero?
5) Name a few types of thermometers.
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