Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Class 12 Notes Chapter 10

According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 6.

Based on the structure i.e., depending upon the number of halogen atoms in a compound, Alkyl/ Aryl halides are classified as mono, di, and polyhalogen. When compared to carbon, halogen atoms are more electronegative. Therefore

• The bond (carbon-halogen bond) of alkyl halide is polarised.
• Halogen atom carries a partially negative charge
• Carbon atom carries a partially positive charge

Students can refer to the short notes and MCQ questions along with separate solution pdf of this chapter for quick revision from the links below:

• Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Study Notes
• Haloalkanes and Haloarenes MCQ Practice Questions
• Haloalkanes and Haloarenes MCQ Practice Solutions

For more information on S_N1 Reaction, watch the below video

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes – Related Links

• Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
• Nomenclature Of Haloalkanes And Haloarenes
• SN1 and SN2 Reaction of Haloalkanes
• Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond
• Reactions of Haloarenes – Electrophilic Substitution Reaction
• Alkyl Halides

Preparation of Alkyl Halides

Alkyl halides are produced by the free radical halogenation of alkanes-

• Step 1 – Adding halogen acids to alkenes
• Step 2 – Replacing –OH group of alcohols with halogens with the use of phosphorus halides or halogen acids, or thionyl chloride

Aryl halides are prepared with the help of electrophilic substitution to arenes. Iodides and Fluorides are prepared with the halogen exchange method. Organohalogens have a higher boiling point when compared to hydrocarbons due to strong van der Waals forces and dipole-dipole forces. They partially dissolve in water but completely dissolve in organic solvents.

Organometallic compounds are formed by nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and reaction with metal atoms which occurs due to the polarity of a carbon-halogen bond of alkyl halides. Based on the kinetic properties, nucleophilic substitution reactions are classified as S_N1 and S_N2. Chirality plays very important in SN2 reactions in understanding the reaction mechanisms of these reactions. S_N2 reactions are characterized by inversion configuration, whereas S_N1 reactions are characterised by racemisation.

For more information on S_N1 and S_N2 Reactions, watch the below videos

Few Important Questions

1. Write the IUPAC names of ClCH₂C≡CCH₂Br
2. Who has the highest dipole moment from the following?

CCl₄ and CH₂Cl₂

1. Write the steps to convert Propene to propan-1-ol and Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid.
2. Define ambident nucleophiles. Give an example and explain.
3. When n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH, what is the result?

Access notes of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Class 12 Chemistry from BYJU’S to explore more about this chapter. Keep visiting us for the latest updates on CBSE class 12 chemistry notes.

Other Important Links: