Amendment 1 of the Indian constitution was made in 1951. It empowers the state to undertake affirmative action for the advancement of any socially and economically backward classes or categories of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes by restricting the application of fundamental rights.
Three more grounds of restrictions on Article 19 (1) were added:
- Public order
- Friendly relations with foreign states
- Incitement to an offence
It introduced the validity of the state’s move to nationalize any business or trade and the same to not be invalid on the grounds of violation of the right to trade and business
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