What is Ulgulan or great tumult?

The Great Tumult or Ulgulan was a movement started by Birsa Munda against the exploitation and discrimination against tribals by the local authorities. Although the movement failed, it did result in the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act which forbade tribal lands passing to non-tribals, protecting their land rights for the foreseeable future.

For further reading check the following articles:

• Peasant Movement and Tribal Uprisings
• Popular Uprisings in 18th and 19th Centuries