What is Linear Momentum?
Linear momentum generally known as the momentum of a body is defined as the total quantity of motion possessed by the moving body and it is measured as the product of the mass of the particle and its velocity.
Momentum is a vector quantity. Its direction is in the direction of the velocity of the body. The S.I. unit of momentum is given by kgms-1. Linear momentum is denoted by
Newton’s Second Law of Motion-Momentum
When the same force acts on two bodies of different masses for the same interval of time, we can observe different effects on the objects. The lighter object moves with a higher velocity than the heavier object. However, the change in momentum of both bodies is the same. This leads to Newton’s second law of motion and momentum. According to Newton’s second law of motion,
” The time rate of change of momentum of the body is directly proportional to the impressed force and takes place in the direction of the force”.
From Newton’s second law of motion, for a fixed mass particle
For a system of n particles with masses
Differentiating the above expression with respect to time
And also
The magnitude of linear momentum may be expressed in terms of kinetic energy as well
Law of Conservation of Momentum
If the net force acting on a body is equal to zero, then the momentum of the body remains constant. This is known as law of conservation of momentum.
Therefore, pnet = 0 or pnet = constant
If the velocity of centre of mass is equal to zero,
If the velocity of centre of mass is constant (vcm = constant) then we get
This is known as the law of conservation of linear momentum of the system of particles.
Conservation of Linear Momentum Video Lesson

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Frequently Asked Questions on Momentum
Define the term linear momentum of a body.
The quantity of motion contained in a body is called the linear momentum of the body. Linear momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity.
The rate of change of momentum of the body is 2 kgm/s. When is the force acting on the body?
Force = Rate of change of momentum
Therefore, Force = 2 N
The total momentum of the universe remains constant. Is this statement true?
The law of conservation of momentum is a general law and is applicable to all isolated systems. Hence, the given statement is true.
Linear momentum is a vector or scalar quantity?
Linear momentum is a vector quantity.