RuBP or ribulose bisphosphate is the primary acceptor of CO2 in the Calvin cycle. It is a five-carbon ketose sugar. In the first step of the... View Article
RuBisCO is the main enzyme for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle. It catalyses the first step of carbon fixation. Carbon dioxide is utilised to... View Article
Amylase is the enzyme that hydrolyses starch to simple sugars such as disaccharides, maltose. E.g. salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase. It... View Article
Haemoglobin is a tetrameric protein. The adult haemoglobin (HbA) contains two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Each subunit is attached to a... View Article
When temperature increases, the oxyhaemoglobin curve becomes flat as the concentration of oxyhaemoglobin decreases and the curve shifts to the... View Article
Haemoglobin contains four subunits. The adult haemoglobin or HbA contains two alpha and two beta chains ( 2 2), whereas HbA2 contains two alpha... View Article
Cells require oxygen to perform cellular respiration. Oxygen acts as a final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain to produce ATP.... View Article
Oxytocin stimulates contractions of smooth muscles in the uterus and induces labour. It is a hormone secreted by the pituitary glands. Also... View Article
Oxytocin is synthesised in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis. Oxytocin stimulates the contraction of... View Article
Polyps are sessile. They have a cylindrical shape. Examples are hydra, sea anemone, etc. Class Anthozoa contains only polyp forms such as corals,... View Article
Ctenophora is an invertebrate phylum containing sea walnuts or comb jellies. They are marine, diploblastic, radially symmetrical and have tissue... View Article
Medusa is one of the two body forms present in the animals of the phylum Cnidaria. Medusa is the free-swimming form and is umbrella shaped.... View Article
The gastro-vascular cavity or coelenteron has a single opening through which food enters as well as expelled out. The mouth is present on the... View Article
The two forms of cnidarians are polyp and medusae. A polyp is a sedentary form, whereas medusae are free-swimming. Some of the cnidarians such as... View Article
Polyps are sedentary, whereas medusae are free-swimming forms. It contracts and forces water out, which helps the organism in propelling forward.... View Article
Tentacles have cnidoblasts (stinging cells) at the tip, which capture and immobilise the prey. Tentacles move the captured food to the mouth.... View Article
The water-filled coelenteron acts as a hydrostatic skeleton in polyps. In medusae, the mesoglea layer provides support. Some of the cnidarians... View Article
Cnidarians are carnivorous. They immobilise their prey by toxins released from nematocysts. Once captured, tentacles move the food to the mouth.... View Article
Phylum Cnidaria mostly contains marine aquatic animals, which are sessile or free-swimming. It includes hydra, jellyfish, corals, sea anemone,... View Article
