A Graafian follicle is structurally defined as a heterogeneous family of comparatively large follicles (0.4 to 23 mm) that are distinguished by... View Article
In Folliculogenesis, a recruited primordial follicle grows, developing into a specialized Graafian follicle. It has the potential either to... View Article
Secondary follicles develop from the primary follicle. The secondary follicles closely resemble primary follicles, the exception being it is... View Article
Primordial germ cells move into the developing gonad early in embryogenesis. They then differentiate into oogonia which in turn proliferate by... View Article
Rarely, mutations in one allele of a tumour suppressor gene are inherited from one parent which highly accelerates tumour progression, as... View Article
Usually, the loss of tumour suppressor gene function necessitates the inactivation of both alleles of the gene. This asks for the two independent... View Article
Chronic tissue injuries and other forms of viral infections are considered to facilitate the formation of tumours by non-mutational mechanisms.... View Article
Benign tumours are differently named from malignant tumours present in the same tissue. In the colon or breast, most of the benign tumours are... View Article
The naming of cancers is based on many factors which include the tissue of origin, the pathological attributes of the tumour tissue and the stage... View Article
Cells of multicellular entities do not proliferate until they are ordered to do so by extracellular, growth factors and survival factors. Every... View Article
Cell-surface receptors for mitogens are also common targets of oncogenic mutations. The cytoplasmic protein kinase domain that is often found in... View Article
The proliferation of several cell types is regulated by mitogens that promote division and by anti-mitogenic factors that inhibit it. Tumour... View Article
Tumour formation generally requires mutations in multiple mitogenic components. Simultaneous activation of both Ras and Myc, for example, is far... View Article
In normal tissues, cell division is coordinated with cell growth to maintain cell size. The same is generally true in tumours, although the... View Article
Cell proliferation in normal tissues is governed not only by local mitogens and growth factors but also by survival factors that suppress... View Article
The hyperproliferation stress response tends to be suppressed in cancer cells, allowing the continued proliferation of cells carrying overactive... View Article
Tumour evolution is driven by the eventual accumulation of mutations. It is unlikely, however, that the rate of spontaneous mutation in the... View Article
About 15% of colon cancers, and a smaller fraction of other cancers, carry mutations in the enzymes responsible for a process called mismatch... View Article
Generally, Aneuploidy in cancer results from chromosomal instability (CIN), which is a rise in the rate of losses or gains of the whole... View Article
