• Statement 1 is correct, Retail inflation data in India is released by the National Statistical Office (NSO).
• Statement 2 is not correct, Core inflation includes non-food and non-fuel components.

• The National Commission for Women is a statutory body set up in 1992 under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990.
• The National Commission for Scheduled Castes is an Indian constitutional body established with a view to providing safeguards against the exploitation of Scheduled Castes.
  • Article 338 of the Indian Constitution deals with the National Commission for Scheduled Castes.
• The National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) was initially constituted as a statutory body under the provisions of the National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993.
  • However, NCBC has been accorded constitutional status through the 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018.

• Pair 1 is correct, The Indian Copyright Laws protect literary works, musical works, dramatic works, artistic works, sound recordings and cinematography.
• Pair 2 is correct, Inventions are protected by patents.
• Pair 3 is correct, Trademarks distinguish the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings.

• In the Phosphorous Cycle, phosphorus moves through the hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.
• Phosphorous is extracted by the weathering of rocks.

• Statement 1 is not correct, Rail Kaushal Vikas Yojana aims to provide entry-level training with a special focus on jobs that are relevant to the Railways through railway training institutes across the country.
  • Candidates who have passed the 10th standard and are aged between 18-35 years are eligible to apply for the scheme.
• Statement 2 is correct, Participants in the scheme shall have no claim to seek employment in Railways on the basis of this training.

• Pair 1 is not correct, Article 371B deals with the special provision with respect to the State of Assam.
• Pair 2 is correct, Article 371C of the Constitution deals with the special provision with respect to the State of Manipur.
• Pair 3 is correct, Article  371F deals with the special provision with respect to the State of Sikkim.
• Pair 4 is not correct,  Article 371H of the Constitution deals with the special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.

• The report on “Global Sea-level Rise and Implications” was released by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).
• According to the latest report, India, China, Bangladesh and the Netherlands face the highest threat of sea-level rise globally.

• Statement 1 is not correct, The Geological Survey of India (GSI) declares geo-heritage sites in India.
  • The GSI has so far declared 32 geo-heritage sites which include the Siwalik Fossil Park, Himachal Pradesh; Stromatolite Fossil Park, Jharmarkotra Rock Phosphate deposit, Udaipur district, Akal Fossil Wood Park, Jaisalmer.
• Statement 2 is not correct, The Union Ministry of Mines has formulated a draft of the Geoheritage Sites and Geo-relics (Preservation and Maintenance) Bill, 2022 which aims to protect geo-heritage sites in the country.
  • The draft Bill is yet to be passed in the parliament.

• The most prominent kingdoms that were holding power in Northern India from the decline of the Guptas until the rise of Harshavardhana were the later Guptas of Magadha, Pushyabhutis of Thaneshwar, Maukharis of Kannauj, Maitrakas of Valabhi.
• The Paramaras of Malwa ruled the areas in west-central India between the 9th and 14th centuries.
• The Yadavas of Devagiri ruled the western part of the Deccan region between 850 A.D. to 1334 A.D.

• Statement 1 is not correct, The Central Zoo Authority is a statutory body working under the MoEFCC.
  • The Central Zoo Authority was constituted based on the provisions of the Wild Life Protection Act 1972.
• Statement 2 is correct, Every zoo in the country is required to obtain recognition from the Central Zoo Authority for its operation.
• Statement 3 is correct, Exchange of animals between Indian and foreign zoos is also approved by the Central Zoo Authority before the requisite clearances under EXIM Policy and the CITES permits.

• Statement 1 is not correct, The Kuiper Belt is a ring of icy bodies just outside Neptune’s orbit. Pluto is the most famous Kuiper Belt Object.
  • The Kuiper Belt is a disc-shaped region beyond Neptune.
• Statement 2 is correct, Roche Limit is a mathematically determined distance beyond which rings aren’t supposed to exist.
  • If the moon is brought closer to the Earth, the tidal force will overcome the satellite’s gravity and then disintegrate it, turning the moon into a ring. The minimum distance at which this happens is known as the Roche limit.
  • The Roche limit is applicable to any planet and the celestial bodies around it.

Both statements are incorrect about INS Vikrant.

• Statement 1 is correct, Thwaites Glacier which is also famous as the Doomsday Glacier is located in West Antarctica.
  • It is one of the widest glaciers on Earth.
• Statement 2 is correct, International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC) is a collaboration of the US-National Science Foundation (NSF) and UK-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) to investigate one of the most unstable glaciers in Antarctica.

• The Charter Act of 1813 ordered the East India Company to spend 1 lakh every year on the education of Indians.
• The General Committee of Public Instruction was created in 1823 to deal with educational matters, particularly the expenditure of the sum of one lakh of rupees.
• The Orientalist-Anglicist controversy was a controversy regarding the nature of education that the British-East India company was to impart to the local populations in its territory.
  • Orientalists led by Dr. H.H. Wilson and H.T. Princep advocated Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian as the medium of education.
  • On the other hand, the anglicists led by Charles Trevelyan, and Elphinstone advocated the imparting of western education through the medium of English.

• Statement 1 is not correct, A public enterprise incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 is called a government company. These companies are owned and managed by the central or the state government.
  • Statutory Corporations formed under a statute of the Legislature such as Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) are not considered a “company” under the Companies Act, 1956.
  • These corporations are incorporated under separate Acts of the Parliament.
  • Further, the employees of a Government Company are not the employees of the Central or the State Government.
• Statement 2 is not correct,  The statutory bodies are authorities within the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution though their employees are not the servants of the Union or of a State.

• A twin deficit refers to a situation when an economy suffers from both Fiscal Deficit and Current Account Deficit.

• Statement 1 is correct, KAVACH-2023 is a national-level hackathon launched to identify innovative ideas and technological solutions for addressing the cybersecurity and cybercrime challenges of the 21st century.
• Statement 2 is correct, KAVACH-2023 is jointly launched by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) during which youth from educational institutions across the country and registered start-ups will participate to find effective technological solutions for cyber security.

• Statement 1 is correct, Nilgai is categorized as Least Concerned on the IUCN Red List.
• Statement 2 is not correct, Nilgai is protected under Schedule III of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.
• Statement 3 is correct, Nilgai is the state animal of Delhi.

• Gastrin is a peptide hormone released by parietal cells in the pyloric end of the stomach. These induce the secretion of HCL in the stomach. HCL kills microbes from food material.
• Trypsin is an enzyme that aids digestion.
  • Trypsin is an enzyme in the first section of the small intestine that starts the digestion of protein molecules.
• Ptyalin is a kind of amylase enzyme that is secreted by the salivary glands in the buccal cavity.
  • It begins the digestion process and breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars.
• Pepsin is a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in ingested food.

• Statement 01 is correct, Sealed cover jurisprudence is seeking or accepting information from government agencies in sealed envelopes accessible only by judges.
• Statement 02 is incorrect, The Supreme Court derives its power to use it from Rule 7 of Order XIII of the Supreme Court Rules and Section 123 of the Indian Evidence Act of 1872.

Read more on the List of Joint Military Exercises.

• Statement 01 is incorrect, The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Bill, 2019 empowered the government to designate individuals as terrorists if the person commits or participates in acts of terrorism, prepares for terrorism, promotes terrorism or is otherwise involved in terrorism.
• Statement 02 is incorrect. Under the UAPA, investigation of cases may be conducted by officers of the rank of Deputy Superintendent or Assistant Commissioner of Police or above. The act empowers the officers of the NIA, of the rank of Inspector or above, to investigate cases.
  • Under the Act, an investigating officer is required to obtain the prior approval of the Director General of Police to seize properties that may be connected with terrorism.
  • If the investigation is conducted by an officer of the National Investigation Agency (NIA), the approval of the Director General of the NIA would be required for the seizure of such property.

Fathul Mujahidin is a military manual that was written by Zainul Abedin Shustari at the instruction of Tipu Sultan. It is considered a pioneer in the use of rocket artillery.

• Jawaharlal Nehru was in the PM’s Office for four terms (1947-52, 1952-57, 1957-62 and 1962-64).
  • He died in 1964 during his 4th prime-ministerial term.
• He represented ‘Phulpur’ near Allahabad as a Member of Parliament.
• ‘Morarji Desai’ of the Janata Party was the first non-Congress PM of India to assume office on March 24, 1977.

• Statement 01 is correct, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterised by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness.
• Statement 02 is correct, It is caused by the alterations of a protein called dystrophin that helps keep muscle cells intact.
• Statement 03 is incorrect, DMD symptom onset is in early childhood, usually between ages 2 and 3. The disease primarily affects boys, but in rare cases it can affect girls.

• A hydrophone is an underwater device that detects and records ocean sounds from all directions.
• Just as a microphone collects sound in the air, a hydrophone detects acoustic signals under the water.
• Most hydrophones are based on a special property of certain ceramics that produces a small electrical current when subjected to changes in underwater pressure. When submerged in the ocean, a ceramic hydrophone produces small-voltage signals over a wide range of frequencies as it is exposed to underwater sounds emanating from any direction.
• By amplifying and recording these electrical signals, hydrophones measure ocean sounds with great precision.

• Statement 01 is correct, Rhododendrons are prominent indicators of climate change- as their blooms correspond to the changing of the seasons.
• Statement 02 is correct, The species has been designated as the State tree of Uttarakhand and its blooming in the Garhwal Himalayas is celebrated as ‘Phool Sankranti’, a festival of flowers.
• Statement 03 is correct, Rhododendrons range in habit from evergreen to deciduous and from low-growing ground covers to tall trees.

• Statement 01 is correct, Aubrites are rare meteorites originating from an extremely reduced differentiated parent body in the solar system. They are rare meteorites originating from an extremely reduced differentiated parent body in the solar system.
• Statement 02 is correct, They contain a variety of exotic minerals not found on Earth.

• Statement 01 is incorrect, The North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC) was established by the Allies in December 1991 as a forum for dialogue and cooperation with NATO’s former Warsaw Pact adversaries. The NACC was succeeded by the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997.
• Statement 02 is correct, The United States of America and the United Kingdom were two of the founding members of NATO.
  • Other founding members include Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal.

• Statement 1 is not correct, Kuno National Park is located in Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh.
• Statement 2 is correct, The Kuno National Park was considered a site for introducing the Asiatic lions.
• Statement 3 is correct, The vegetation of Kuno National Park includes Anogeissus pendula forest and scrub, Boswellia and Butea forest, dry savanna forest and grassland and Tropical Dry Deciduous.