Mensuration

Mensuration is the branch of mathematics that studies the measurement of geometric figures and their parameters like length, volume, shape, surface area, lateral surface area, etc. Learn about mensuration in basic Mathematics.

Here, the concepts of mensuration are explained and all the important mensuration formulas are provided. Also, the properties of different geometric shapes and the corresponding figures are given for a better understanding of these concepts.

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Table of Contents:

Mensuration Maths- Definition

A branch of mathematics that talks about the length, volume, or area of different geometric shapes is called Mensuration. These shapes exist either in 2-dimensions or 3-dimensions. Let’s learn the difference between the two.

Differences Between 2D and 3D shapes

2D Shape 3D Shape
If a shape is surrounded by three or more straight lines in a plane, then it is a 2D shape. If a shape is surrounded by a no. of surfaces or planes then it is a 3D shape.
These shapes have no depth or height. These are also called solid shapes and unlike 2D they have height or depth.
These shapes have only two dimensions say length and breadth. These are called Three dimensional as they have depth (or height), breadth and length.
We can measure their area and Perimeter. We can measure their volume, Curved Surface Area (CSA), Lateral Surface Area (LSA), or Total Surface Area (TSA).

Mensuration in Maths- Important Terminologies

Let’s learn a few more definitions related to this topic.

Terms Abbreviation Unit Definition
Area A m2 or cm2 The area is the surface which is covered by the closed shape.
Perimeter P cm or m The measure of the continuous line along the boundary of the given figure is called a Perimeter.
Volume V cm3 or m3 The space occupied by a 3D shape is called a Volume.
Curved Surface Area CSA m2 or cm2 If there’s a curved surface, then the total area is called a Curved Surface area. Example: Sphere
Lateral Surface area LSA m2 or cm2 The total area of all the lateral surfaces that surrounds the given figure is called the Lateral Surface area.
Total Surface Area TSA m2 or cm2 The sum of all the curved and lateral surface areas is called the Total Surface area.
Square Unit m2 or cm2 The area covered by a square of side one unit is called a Square unit.
Cube Unit m3 or cm3 The volume occupied by a cube of one side one unit

Mensuration Formulas

Now let’s learn all the important mensuration formulas involving 2D and 3D shapes. Using this mensuration formula list, it will be easy to solve the mensuration problems. Students can also download the mensuration formulas list PDF from the link given above. In general, the most common formulas in mensuration involve surface area and volumes of 2D and 3D figures.

Mensuration Formulas For 2D Shapes

Below are the mensuration formulas for two-dimensional shapes in geometry.

Shape Area (Square units) Perimeter (units) Figure
Square a2 4a Mensuration Formula for Square
Rectangle l × b 2 ( l + b) Mensuration Formula for Rectange
Circle πr2 2 π r Mensuration Formula for Circle
Scalene Triangle √[s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)],

Where, s = (a+b+c)/2

a+b+c Mensuration Formula for Scalene triangle
Isosceles Triangle ½ × b × h 2a + b Mensuration Formula for Isosceles triangle
Equilateral triangle (√3/4) × a2 3a Mensuration Formula for Equilateral triangle
Right Angle Triangle ½ × b × h b + hypotenuse + h Mensuration Formula for Right triangle
Rhombus ½ × d1 × d2 4 × side Mensuration Formula for Rhombus
Parallelogram b × h 2(l+b) Mensuration Formula for Parallelogram
Trapezium ½ h(a+c) a+b+c+d Mensuration Formula for Trapezium

Mensuration Formulas for 3D Shapes

Go through the mensuration formulas tabulated below for three-dimensional shapes in geometry.

Shape Volume (Cubic units) Curved Surface Area (CSA) or Lateral Surface Area (LSA) (Square units) Total Surface Area (TSA) (Square units) Figure
Cube a3 LSA = 4 a2 6 a2 Mensuration Formula for Cube
Cuboid l × b × h LSA = 2h(l + b) 2 (lb +bh +hl) Mensuration Formula for Cuboid
Sphere (4/3) π r3 4 π r2 4 π r2 Mensuration Formula for Sphere
Hemisphere (⅔) π r3 2 π r 2 3 π r 2 Mensuration Formula for Hemisphere
Cylinder π r 2 h 2π r h 2πrh + 2πr2 Mensuration Formula for Cylinder
Cone (⅓) π r2 h π r l πr (r + l) Mensuration Formula for Cone

Related Articles

Mensuration Solved Problems

Question 1:

Find the area and perimeter of a square whose side is 5 cm.

Solution:

Given:

Side = a = 5 cm

Area of a square = a2 square units

Substitute the value of “a” in the formula, we get

Area of a square = 52
A = 5 × 5 = 25

Therefore, the area of a square = 25 cm2

The perimeter of a square = 4a units

P = 4 × 5 =20

Therefore, the perimeter of a square = 20 cm.

Question 2:

What is the circumference of a circle with a radius of 3.5 cm?

Solution:

Given,

Radius of the circle = r = 3.5 cm

We know that,

Circumference of a circle with radius r = 2πr

Substituting r = 3.5 cm in the above formula, we get;

= 2 × (22/7) × 3.5

= 22 cm

Hence, the circumference of the circle is 22 cm.

Question 3. Find the area of an equilateral triangle whose altitude is given by (√3/2) cm.

Solution: Given,

The altitude of equilateral triangle = √3/2 cm

The formula for altitude of equilateral triangle is given by √3/2 (side)

Hence, on comparing, we get;

√3/2 = √3/2 (side)

side = 1 unit

So,

Area of equilateral triangle = √3/4 (side)2

= √3/4 (1)2

= √3/4 sq.cm.

Required, area of the triangle is √3/4 square cm.

Practice Questions

  1. Calculate the area of the rectangle whose length is 22 cm and breadth is 17 cm.
  2. Find the volume of a right circular cylinder with a base radius of 14 cm and a height of 10 cm.
  3. What is the surface area of a cube of edge 18 m?

Register at BYJU’S to learn more about other mathematical concepts. Also, learn mensuration problems and formulas by downloading BYJU’S – The Learning App.

Frequently Asked Questions on Mensuration

Q1

What is mensuration in Maths?

In maths, mensuration is defined as the study of the measurement of various 2D and 3D geometric shapes involving their surface areas, volumes, etc.

Q2

What is the difference between mensuration and geometry?

Mensuration refers to the calculation of various parameters of shapes like the perimeter, area, volume, etc. whereas, geometry deals with the study of properties and relations of points and lines of various shapes.

Q3

What are 2D and 3D Mensuration?

2D mensuration deals with the calculation of various parameters like the area and perimeter of 2-dimensional shapes like squares, rectangles, circles, triangles, etc.

3D mensuration is concerned with the study and calculation of surface area, lateral surface area, and volume of 3-dimensional figures like a cube, sphere, cuboid, cone, cylinder, etc.

Test your knowledge on Mensuration

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