Best NEET Botany (Biology) Crash Course for Free - NEET Smart Crash Course 2023

NEET 2023 is approaching, and it is time to do thorough revisions. This article contains the 15 NEET Botany Important Questions and Answers for students’ practice. NEET Botany important questions are being solved in this Smart Crash Course for free. Topics include Double Fertilisation, Bast Fibres, Opposite Phyllotaxy, Alstonia, Heterosporous, Mad Cow Disease, Habitat Loss and Fragmentation, and Monocot Root.

Question 1: The bulbil of Agave represents:

1. Reduced disc-shaped stem inside the bulb
2. Vegetative propagule
3. Leaf bud
4. Modified underground bud

Answer: b) Vegetative propagule

Explanation: Bulbil is a small bulb-like structure produced in the place of a flower or a leaf axil. It can develop into a new plant.

Question 2: Among the following, which fruit would we not select to induce parthenocarpy by the application of plant growth regulators?

1. Banana
2. Pomegranate
3. Grape
4. Orange

Answer: b) Pomegranate

Explanation: The process of growing fruits without the use of fertilisation or seed production is known as parthenocarpy. Hence, this method is used to develop the seedless variants of commercially important fruits like orange, lemon, watermelon, etc. Auxins and other plant growth hormones are used in this method to stimulate the development of fruit.

The parthenocarpy should be induced in watermelon, lemon, and orange since customers would prefer the seedless variety of these fruits.

Question 3: Find the odd one w.r.t. single-cell protein.

1. Yeast and blue-green alga
2. Methylophilus and Saccharomyces species
3. Mushrooms and Spirulina
4. Atlas-66 and IR-8

Answer: d) Atlas-66 and IR-8

Explanation: Atlas 66 is a variety of wheat rich in protein. Due to its high protein content, it is used as a donor for improving cultivated wheat. IR8 is a high-yielding semi-dwarf rice variety developed by the International Rice Research Institute in the early 1960s.

Question 4: Which of the following options most appropriately describes colour blindness?

1. Chromosomal disorder
2. Recessive autosomal gene disorder
3. X-linked dominant genetic disorder
4. X-linked recessive genetic disorder

Answer: d) X-linked recessive genetic disorder

Explanation: Colour blindness is a form of X-linked recessive genetic disorder, resulting in decreased ability to differentiate between colours. The fact that men only have one copy of the X chromosome makes them more susceptible to the disease. Only females with a particular set of defective genes can get the disease.

Question 5: Mendel’s law of dominance concludes all, except:

1. The factors occur in pairs
2. Factors are discrete units that control characters
3. Gamete carries only one factor of a character
4. Dominant factor expressed in heterozygous condition, recessive does not

Answer: c) Gamete carries only one factor of a character

Explanation: The Law of Dominance states that a heterozygous individual possesses two different alleles or components of a gene. Here, an individual can only express one allele, the dominant allele. Recessive alleles are those that do not appear in heterozygous individuals.

For example, the allele for yellow colour pea (Y) is dominant over the allele for green colour (y) pea.

Question 6: All of the following do not have a nucleus at maturity, except:

1. Sieve tube elements
2. Companion cell
3. Vessel element
4. Sclerenchymatous fibre

Answer: b) Companion cell

Explanation: A companion cell is a living nucleated cell that is closely associated in origin, position, and probably functions with a cell making up part of a sieve tube of a vascular plant.

Erythropoiesis is the process through which red blood cells are formed. The red blood cell loses its nucleus during this process to expand its surface area for absorption. As the vessel matures, it loses its nucleus. When sieve tube cells mature, they lose their nucleus and a number of other cell components. As a result, they rely on companion cells for all of their metabolic requirements. At maturity, companion cells do not lose their nucleus.

Question 7: Casparian strips on endodermis are seen in:

1. Monocot root
2. Monocot leaf
3. Monocot stem
4. Dicot stem

Answer: a) Monocot root

Explanation: The Casparian strip is a band-like thickening in the middle of the root endodermis (radial and cell walls) of vascular plants (Pteridophytes and Spermatophytes).

Question 8: Which of the following is the most important cause of animals and plants becoming extinct?

1. Co-extinction
2. Overexploitation
3. Alien species invasion
4. Habitat loss and fragmentation

Answer: d) Habitat loss and fragmentation

Explanation: The four main factors, or “The Evil Quartet,” that contribute to biodiversity loss are co-extinction, alien species invasions, habitat loss and fragmentation, and overexploitation. The most significant factor contributing to the extinction of plants and animals is habitat loss and fragmentation.

The factors, habitat loss and fragmentation can be identified as:

• The most significant cause of biodiversity loss.
• The increase in human population has led to the clearing of many forest lands for agriculture and space for settlements, which has led to habitat destruction. For example, there is a vast habitat loss in tropical rainforests.

Question 9: Slime moulds form plasmodium:

1. Under the unfavourable condition
2. Due to aggregation of mycelium
3. Which causes malaria in human beings
4. Under favourable conditions

Answer: d) Under favourable conditions

Explanation: Plasmodium is formed when slime moulds absorb moisture from the substrate during rainy weather and under other favourable conditions.

Characteristics of acellular slime moulds are:

• Forms plasmodium under suitable conditions
• No cell wall
• Multinucleated
• Grow and spread over several feet
• Forms spores during unfavourable conditions

Question 10: Which one of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?

1. Tetanus
2. Citrus canker
3. Mad cow disease
4. Typhoid

Answer: c) Mad cow disease

Explanation:

Question 11: Statement – A: Mosses, along with lichens, are the first organisms to colonise rocks.

Statement – B: Mosses are of great ecological importance.

Select the correct option.

1. Both statements are false
2. Statement A is false
3. Both statements are true
4. Statement B is false

Answer: c) Both statements are true

Explanation: Mosses are a key component of the plant succession on rocky terrain. They contribute to the formation of soil in lichen-formed rock crevices. They were the first organisms to colonise rocks, along with lichen.

Lichens are pioneer species. They can tolerate desiccation, excessive heat, and cold temperatures. They secrete acids to dissolve rock to form soil. This process is called weathering.

Question 12: Gymnosperms are:

1. Vascular cryptogams
2. Thallophytes
3. Homosporous
4. Heterosporous

Answer: d) Heterosporous

Explanation: Male and female cones can both be produced by gymnosperms. As a result, these populations of plants are heterosporous because they contain both gametes required for fertilisation. Characteristics of Gymnosperms are:

• Gymnosperm produces megaspores and microspores.
• Megaspore forms female gametophyte, and microspore forms male gametophyte
• The male gametophytes generate two gametes, and only one of them is functional.

The sporophyte stage is the dominant phase in the gymnosperm life cycle. The reduced gametophyte resides within the sporophyte.

Characteristics of heterosporous:

• Two types of spores
• Small microspores and large megaspores
• Microspore is a male gametophyte, and Megaspore is a female gametophyte
• Examples of heterosporous pteridophytes include Selaginella, Marsilea and Salvinia

Question 13: Which one of the following is wrongly matched?

1. Hard and stony endocarp – Drupe
2. Edible part is thalamus – Apple
3. Opposite phyllotaxy – Alstonia
4. Vexillary aestivation– Pisum sativum

Answer: c) Opposite phyllotaxy – Alstonia

Explanation: Following are the characteristics of the fleshy fruit drupe:

• Fruits develop from monocarpellary, superior ovaries
• Hard and stony endocarp
• Edible or fibrous mesocarp

True Fruit develops from mature ovaries, such as tomato and mango.

In addition to the ovary, other floral parts like the thalamus (receptacle) develop into fruit in the case of False Fruit. For example, apple.

For the Parthenocarpic Fruit, the development of the fruit takes place without fertilisation (Seedless fruits). For example, banana.

Pea plants (family Fabaceae) have papilionaceous corolla containing posterior standard, two lateral wings, two anterior ones forming keel, and vexillary aestivation.

The arrangement of leaves on a stem is called phyllotaxy. Alstonia has a whorled phyllotaxy and not the opposite phyllotaxy.

Question 14: Choose the incorrect match.

1. Sclerenchyma — Lignified cell walls
2. Collenchyma — Thickening at the corners
3. Parenchyma — Small intercellular space
4. Bast fibres — Living cells

Answer: d) Bast fibres — Living cells

Explanation: Features of Phloem: Fibres/bast fibres are:

• Sclerenchymatous cells
• Absent in primary phloem
• Found in secondary phloem

Question 15: Select the incorrect match from the following.

1. Psilotum – Vascular system
2. Ginkgo – Double fertilisation
3. Polytrichum – Protonema
4. Zostera – Seagrass

Answer: b)Ginkgo – Double fertilisation

Explanation: Zostera, also called marine eelgrass or seagrass, is a widely distributed seagrass.

Psilotum, also called whisk ferns, are fern-like vascular plants that belong to the class Pteridophyta.

Polytrichum is a genus of mosses. Spores germinate to form a juvenile gametophyte called protonema. Buds on protonema develop into the adult foliose/leafy stage.

Ginkgo is a gymnosperm, whereas double fertilisation occurs only in angiosperms.

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