Flashcards for NEET Biology are designed to boost your NEET preparation. Find below flashcards for Plant Growth and Development. These flashcards on Plant Growth and Development are prepared as per the NEET syllabus. This is helpful for aspirants of NEET and other exams during last-minute revision. Flashcards For NEET Biology – Plant Growth and Development, covers all the important points that are frequently asked in the exam. Check BYJU’S for the full set of Flashcards and Study material for NEET Biology. Solve NEET Biology MCQs to check your understanding and outperform in the exam.
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| Primary growth | Apical meristem |
| Secondary growth | Lateral meristem |
| Meristematic phase | Cells are rich in protoplasm, large conspicuous nucleus, thin cellulosic cell wall, abundant plasmodesmatal connections |
| Elongation phase | New cell wall deposition, cell enlargement and increased vacuolation |
| Maturation phase | Maximal cell wall thickening and protoplasmic modifications |
| Arithmetic growth | Linear growth
E.g. root elongation |
| Geometrical growth | Sigmoid curve
E.g. Cell culture, tree showing seasonal activities |
| Differentiation | Cells mature to perform a specific function, e.g. apical meristem and cambium cells differentiate |
| Dedifferentiation | Regaining the capacity to divide after differentiation, e.g. parenchyma cells dedifferentiate to form interfascicular cambium, cork |
| Redifferentiation | Dedifferentiated cells again lose the capacity to divide and mature to perform specific functions, e.g. secondary xylem, phloem, etc. |
| Plasticity | Different kinds of plant structures in different phases of life or environmental conditions, e.g. heterophylly in larkspur and buttercup |
| Auxin | Indole compounds
Natural- IAA, IBA Synthetic- NAA, 2,4-D Isolated by F.W. Went from coleoptile of oat seedlings First isolated from human urine Produced by growing root and shoot apices |
| Auxin functions | Apical dominance
Root initiation in stem cuttings, xylem differentiation and cell division Promotes flowering in pineapple, parthenocarpy in tomatoes |
| Cytokinins | Adenine derivatives
Natural- Zeatin Synthetic- Kinetin Skoog and Miller identified and crystallised for the first time Natural source is yeast extract, DNA, coconut milk |
| Cytokinin functions | Promotes lateral and adventitious shoot growth
Delay of leaf senescence Chloroplast formation |
| Gibberellins | Terpenes
E. Kurosawa identified and discovered gibberellic acid in rice seedlings infected by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi causing foolish seedling disease |
| Gibberellin functions | Promotes stem elongation in sugarcane, grapes and elongation of fruits like apple
Early seed production in conifers Bolting or internode elongation in beet, cabbage, etc. |
| Ethylene | Gaseous hormone
Reported by Cousins as a volatile substance in ripened oranges |
| Ethylene functions | Induces fruit ripening, increases respiration rate
Breaks seed and bud dormancy, initiates seed germination in peanuts and sprouting in potato tubers Promotes senescence and abscission of flowers and leaves |
| Abscisic acid | Carotenoids
Plant growth inhibitor, stress hormone E.g. inhibitor-B, abscission II and dormin Antagonist to GAs |
| Abscisic acid functions | Regulates abscission and dormancy
Inhibits seed germination and stimulates stomatal closure Help plant withstand desiccation and tolerate various stress conditions |
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Also Check:
NEET Flashcards: Cell Cycle And Cell Division
NEET Flashcards: Transport In Plants
NEET Flashcards: Mineral Nutrition
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