All spindles are bipolar, however, the structure of the poles vary in different entities. In the majority of the somatic animal cells, each of... View Article
Although some features of spindle structure vary in different organisms, the underlying logic is always the same. The microtubule array should be... View Article
The sister chromatids actively are involved in spindle assembly and the function. Each chromatid carries a kinetochore, a multiprotein complex... View Article
The mitotic spindle depends on a bipolar array of microtubules, each is a polarized protein polymer with one end, the 'minus end', implanted in a... View Article
The regulation of chromosome condensation may depend in some species on sister-chromatid cohesion. In budding yeast, where cohesin is bound to... View Article
The steps in chromosome condensation in vertebrate cells, can be regulated, in part at least, by condensin localization in cells. In prophase,... View Article
In the chromosome structure, mitotic changes are based on coordinated changes in the chromosome compaction, incomplete loss of sister-chromatid... View Article
Though learnt through its role in the condensation of chromosomes, condensins are needed for sister-chromatid resolution. In condensin proteins,... View Article
In animal cells, where chromosomes are specially long, condensation leads to a 10,000-fold decrease in the length of the chromosome. Condensation... View Article
When the S phase is complete, the cell contains several sister-chromatid pairs that form a fragile mass of tangled DNA and protein. Any effort in... View Article
A central purpose of mitosis is to distribute the duplicated sister chromatids into two daughter nuclei. This clearly requires chromatid... View Article
Between sister chromatids, the cohesin linkage is set up during the S phase and appears to be closely tied to the DNA replication. Cohesin... View Article
SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) proteins are a family of large proteins composed of a long coiled-coil region with a terminal ATPase... View Article
At least two mechanisms are involved in sister-chromatid cohesion. The first, DNA catenation, is the large interweaving of the duplicated DNA... View Article
The giant DNA molecules of eukaryotic chromosomes need to be copied rapidly to ensure that replication is completed in a relatively short period... View Article
Regulatory networks that depend in some way on a negative feedback loop are often capable of generating repeated oscillations in the activity of... View Article
Cyclins, Cdk inhibitor proteins and other cell-cycle regulators are targeted for degradation by the attachment of multiple copies of the small... View Article
The substrate specificity of S cyclins depends on a region called the hydrophobic patch, which lies on the surface of the cyclin protein and is... View Article
Double thymidine block - It is a method for synchronously arresting a mammalian cell population at the beginning of the S phase. Asynchronous... View Article
