H3N2 and Influenza Virus [UPSC Notes]

Recently in many parts of the country rising cases of intense cough which lasts for more than a week coupled with fever has been observed.  The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) informed that it can be linked to Influenza A H3N2, a subtype of a virus that causes flu.

This is an important topic in the IAS exam Science and Technology segment.

News in detail: 

• The ICMR has 30 Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratories (VRDL) for respiratory virus surveillance. These VRDLs  gather samples from patients suffering from severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and are attached to the top medical colleges in different States.
• Surveillance data from December 15 reflects the rise in the number of cases of Influenza A H3N2.
• Among all SARI patients who have Influenza A H3N2 7% required ICU care and 10% needed oxygen.
• Compared to other Influenza subtypes this virus is leading to more hospitalisations.
• The ICMR Informed that about half of all patients admitted with SARI were found to be afflicted with Influenza A H3N2.
  • 6% presented with seizures.
  • 16% had signs of pneumonia.
  • 16% showed wheezing symptoms.
  • 27% progressed to breathlessness.
  • 86% have a cough.
  • 92% have a fever. 

Image source: Thehindu

About H3N2 Influenza:

• H3N2 influenza, also known as the “Hong Kong flu,” is a type of influenza virus that can cause respiratory illness in humans. 
• It is a subtype of the Influenza A virus and has been responsible for several influenza outbreaks in the past.
• Spread: H3N2 influenza is highly contagious and can spread from person to person through droplets generated when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes. It can also spread by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching one’s mouth or nose.
• Symptoms: Prolonged illness, fatigue, chills, headache, body aches, runny nose, sore throat, cough and fever. Some people may also experience diarrhoea and vomiting. The symptoms usually last for about a week, but some people may experience them for longer.
• Treatment: Rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen to reduce fever and relieve pain.
• Precautions: covering the mouth and nose while sneezing or coughing, avoiding contact with sick people and washing hands with water and soap regularly.

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