19 Oct 2021: UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis

Oct 19th, 2021, CNA:- Download PDF Here

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. GS 1 Related
URBANISATION
1. ‘Mumbai lost 40% green cover between 1991 and 2018’
B. GS 2 Related
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. Kushinagar connect to Sri Lanka
2. Long-pending trade talks between India, Israel to resume
C. GS 3 Related
D. GS 4 Related
E. Editorials
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
1. Slippery slopes
ECONOMY
1. Greenfield hopes
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. A shadow foreign policy for the first time
F. Prelims Facts
1. Delhi reports this year’s first dengue death
2. Glossy ibis
3. Spot-billed pelicans
G. Tidbits
1. Army trains officers posted along LAC in Tibetology
H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions
I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions

2. Long-pending trade talks between India, Israel to resume

Context:

India and Israel have agreed to resume long-pending negotiations on a free trade agreement.

Details:

• The push for an FTA between the two countries is the latest in a series of attempts to negotiate a trade agreement over the past 14 years.
• Both in 2007, the then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, and in 2017, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that an FTA would be completed, but talks have lapsed over a number of issues.
• During the last round of talks, both sides explored the possibility of a limited trade deal or a Preferential Trade Agreement for about 200 goods, which had also not been concluded.
• The latest effort for an FTA with Israel comes on the back of the government’s recent drive to resume a number of trade negotiations, and the government has thus far committed to resumed talks with the U.K., Australia and the European Union, expressing the hope they would also be concluded in 2022.

India-Israel Relationship:

• India and Israel elevated bilateral relations to a strategic partnership during the historic visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Israel in July 2017.
• Since then, the relationship between the two countries has focused on expanding knowledge-based partnership, which includes collaboration in innovation and research, including boosting the ‘Make in India’ initiative.
• 2022 will mark 30 years of bilateral relations between the two countries.
• Israel has also expressed its interest to join the International Solar Alliance (ISA), a global initiative that India has spearheaded.

Category: ECONOMY

1. Greenfield hopes

Background:

Uptick in investment in the Indian economy:

• The reducing burden of COVID-19 infections, accompanied by the gradual lifting of restrictions, has not only spurred an improvement in important economic indicators but has also led to a much-needed investment revival.
• Recent data have shown that the investment commitments and indicators of actual capital expenditure on the ground have recorded a more than robust growth in the second quarter (July-September quarter) after an insipid Quarter 1.
• In fact, the fresh investments in the first half of 2021-22 have been higher than even the pre-COVID year of 2019-20.

Significance:

• Increased investment is inevitable for the economic growth of any country, especially for a developing economy like India. The uptick in investments could be indicative of the prospects of the Indian economy in the medium and long term.
• While the increased public expenditure forms the major part of the investment, the private capital outlays also amount to an impressive Rs. 4.87-lakh crore. This is significant as it could be considered indicative of the increasing confidence of the private sector in the Indian economy in the post-pandemic phase.

Governmental measures being taken:

PLI scheme:

• The implementation of the “PLI” scheme to promote manufacturing investments in India is expected to further spur more investments in textiles, pharma, electronics over the second half of this year and 2022-23. The PLI scheme could help nudge a few investments away from Vietnam, Cambodia and Bangladesh towards India.

Reforms in telecom sector:

• The government recently approved several measures for the ailing telecom sector. The new reforms include nine structural reforms and five procedural reforms for the sector.  The new reforms will go a long way in addressing the telecom industry’s long-standing issues like spectrum auctioning and the AGR issue and help in its revival.

For detailed information on this topic refer to the following article:

UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis of 16th Sep 2021

Other measures:

• The disinvestment process of the public sector firm, Air India and the nullification of the provisions for retrospective tax augur well for the investment climate in India as it will add to the confidence of prospective investors in India.

For detailed information on the nullification of provisions for retrospective tax, refer to the following article:

UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis of 8th Aug 2021

Recommendations:

• The rebound in investments must be nurtured with the right policy measures to ensure sustained economic growth in India. In this direction, the article makes the following recommendations.

Speedy implementation of schemes and policies:

• Speedy implementation is essential to ensure the realization of the expected gains from the committed investments.
• Out of the 13 sectors for which PLIs have been announced, only nine have been notified so far, and the others must be spelt out quickly to ensure that global investors do not pick another destination.

International economic partnership:

• India should seek to seal economic partnership pacts and scale up its ties with key markets like the EU, the U.S. and the U.K.

Improving perception of India on the international stage:

• In a world where capital is increasingly influenced by environmental, social and governance standards, these factors should be given the requisite policy attention as well.
• India should focus on improving its image on key socio-economic parameters and adherence to the ‘rule of law’ while refraining from heavy-handed regulations like the draft norms for e-commerce.

Category: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

1. A shadow foreign policy for the first time

Context:

• The Centre for Policy Research (CPR) has come out with the document titled ‘India’s Path to Power: Strategy in a world adrift’, outlining an alternative to the present foreign and defence policies of the government of the day.

Evaluation of India’s recent foreign policy:

Success in foreign relations:

• India has adopted an innovative, bold and assertive foreign policy in recent times.
• India has been able to overcome the hesitations of history and has adopted a more pragmatic approach to its foreign policy. It has broken out from traditional moulds of non-alignment and adopted a strategic multi-alignment strategy keeping in mind the national interest.
• After the failure of peace initiatives with Pakistan, India has adopted a firm stand against state-sponsored terrorism originating from Pakistan and has been able to convince international organizations and several countries to exert pressure on Pakistan. The sanctioning by the FATF of Pakistan has forced Pakistan to take some measures to dismantle terror networks in the country.
• India’s relations with Israel and the Arab countries have become productive.
• India has been able to ensure the deepening of its ties with the U.S. despite a political change in the U.S.

Failures in foreign policy:

• The efforts to strengthen relations with the neighbours have not materialised for India. Its relationship with countries like Nepal, Sri Lanka continues to be at an all-time low. China’s influence in these countries seems to be growing at the cost of India’s.
• China’s incursion into Ladakh marks a failure of India’s attempts to contain the increasingly assertive nature of China.

Details:

• The document is critical of the foreign and defence policies of the current government and argues that such policy is not conducive to finding a path to power for India in the post-pandemic world.
• The document notes with concern that domestic issues have impacted foreign policy and suggests that India should set its house in order to stem the tide of international reaction. It warns against the perverse impact of domestic political and ideological factors driving India’s foreign policy. It warns that political polarisation and majoritarianism could diminish India’s strength on the international stage.
  • The foundational source of India’s influence in the world is the power it enjoys and this rests on four pillars, domestic economic growth, social inclusion, political democracy and a broadly liberal constitutional order.
• The report criticizes the omni-directional Indian foreign policy.

Recommendations:

• The document calls for a change in India’s foreign policy and makes the following recommendations.

Increasing multilateral engagement:

• The document warns that it would be incorrect and counterproductive for India to turn its back on globalisation and in this direction it calls on India to intensify its multilateral engagement.
• The document suggests that SAARC should be revived and that India should rejoin the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and continue its long-standing quest for membership in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.

Maintaining strategic autonomy:

• The report stresses the importance of strategic autonomy in the ever-changing world. It suggests maintaining good relations individually with both the U.S. and China.

China Policy:

• The report acknowledging the influence of China on India’s external environment suggests a combination of engagement and competition with China.

Pakistan policy:

• The report suggests the resumption of dialogue and a gradual revival of trade, transport and other links with Pakistan.

Conclusion:

• Though the suggestions made by the report are open to deliberation, the significance of the report is that it reveals the end of the era of consensus foreign policy and presents a shadow foreign policy for the first time in India.
  • The shadow cabinet is a feature of the Westminster system of government. It consists of a group of opposition spokespeople who, under the leadership of the Leader of the Opposition, form an alternative cabinet to that of the government.
  • Members of a shadow cabinet have no executive power. It is the shadow cabinet’s responsibility to scrutinise the policies and actions of the government, as well as to offer alternative policies. 
  • India does not have a tradition of shadow cabinets.

2. Glossy ibis

• The glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) is a water bird.
• IUCN Red List category: Least Concerned.
• According to State of India’s Birds 2020 released at the 13th Conference of Parties of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, this species has shown an increase in numbers over the past 25 years.
• This migratory bird travels to Maguri Motapung Beel in Assam.

3. Spot-billed pelicans

• Pelicans are a genus of large water birds that make up the family Pelecanidae. They are characterized by a long beak and a large throat pouch.
• The spot-billed pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) or grey pelican, is a member of the pelican family.
• It breeds in southern Asia from southern Iran across India east to Indonesia.
• IUCN Red List category: Near Threatened
• Atapaka bird sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh is identified as the world’s largest home for spot-billed pelicans.
• Nelapattu bird sanctuary is considered one of the biggest habitats for some hundreds of pelicans.

Q1. Consider the following statements with respect to the polar bear:

Q2. With respect to the Governor of a State, which of the following statements is/are correct?

Q3. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Q4. Consider the following statements:

Q5. What was the main reason for the split in the Indian National Congress at Surat in 1907?

Read the previous CNA here.

Oct 19th, 2021, CNA:- Download PDF Here