| UGC NET Education Syllabus 2023 |
| Name of Unit |
Subtopics |
| Inclusive Education |
- Understanding Inclusive Education:Â
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- Definition, Principles, Scope, and Target Groups.
- Evolution of Inclusive Education Philosophy.
- Relevant Acts and Provisions.
- Introduction of National Policy of Education (1986).
- Implementation of Program of Action (1992).
- Introduction of Persons with Disabilities Act (1995).
- Establishment of National Policy of Disabilities (2006).
- Introduction of National Curriculum Framework (2005).
- Enactment of Rehabilitation Council of India Act (1992).
- Inclusive Education under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.
- Features and Provisions of UNCRPD (United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities).
- Understanding Impairment: Classification of Disabilities based on different Models (ICF Model, Readiness of School, Models of Inclusion).
- Characteristics and Educational Needs of Diverse Learners.
- Causes and prevention of Disabilities.
- Identification of Diverse Learners for Inclusion.
- Educational Evaluation Methods, Techniques, and Tools.
- Planning and Management of Inclusive Classrooms:Â
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- Infrastructure, Human Resources, and Instructional Practices.
- Curriculum Adaptations for Diverse Learners.
- Adaptive Technology for Diverse Learners: Aids, Appliances, and Individualized Education Plans.
- Remedial Teaching and its Role in Inclusion.
- Parent-Professional Partnership: Involvement of Parents, Peers, Professionals, and Teachers.
- Role of Schools in facilitating Inclusive Education.
- Challenges and Support in Inclusive Education:Â
- Attitudinal, Social, and Educational Barriers.
- Current Status of Inclusive Education.
- Ethical Issues in Inclusive Education in India.
- Research Trends in Inclusive Education in India.
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| Educational Management, Administration, and Leadership |
- Educational Management and Administration
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- Definition, Principles, and Functions.
- Analysis of POSDCORB, SWOT analysis, Taylorism, CPM, PERT, and Management as a system.
- Administration as a process and bureaucracy.
- Human relations approach to Administration.
- Organizational compliance, development, and climate.
- Leadership in Educational Administration
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- Meaning and Nature of Leadership.
- Various Approaches to leadership (Trait, Transformational, Transactional, Value-based, Cultural, Psychodynamic, Charismatic, etc.).
- Examination of leadership models such as Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid, Fiedler’s Contingency Model, Tri-dimensional Model, Hersey and Blanchard’s model, etc.
- Concept of Quality and Quality in Education
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- Perspectives on Quality in Education from Indian and International contexts.
- Evolution of Quality including Inspection, Quality Control, Quality Assurance, Total Quality Management, and Six Sigma.
- Overview of Quality Gurus’ viewpoints, such as Walter Stewart, Edward Deming, C.K. Pralhad, etc.
- Change Management
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- Definition and Importance of Planned Change.
- Three-Step Model of Change: Unfreezing, Moving, Refreezing.
- Discussion on Japanese Models of Change.
- Cost of Quality: Appraisal Costs, Failure Costs, Preventable Costs, Cost-Benefit Analysis, and Cost-Effective Analysis.
- Overview of Indian and International Quality Assurance Agencies: Objectives, Functions, Roles, and Initiatives of NAAC, Performance Indicators, Quality Council of India, International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education.
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| Pedagogy, Andragogy, and Assessment |
- Pedagogy and Pedagogical Analysis
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- Understanding the Concept and Stages of Pedagogy.
- Introduction to Critical Pedagogy: Concept, Need, and its Relevance in Teacher Education.
- Organizing Teaching: Memory Level (Herbartian Model), Understanding Level (Morrison Teaching Model), and Reflective Level (Bigge and Hunt Teaching Model).
- Exploring Andragogy in Education: Theory of Andragogy (Malcolm Knowles), The Dynamic Model of Learner Autonomy.
- Assessment
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- Meaning, Nature, and Perspectives of Assessment.
- Overview of Assessment Types: Placement, Diagnostic, Summative, and Formative.
- Alignment between Objectives and Outcomes.
- Assessment of Cognitive Domains (Anderson and Krathwohl), Affective Domains (Krathwohl), and Psychomotor Domains (R.H. Dave) in Learning.
- Assessment in Pedagogy of Education
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- Feedback Devices: Concept and Types.
- Guidance as a Feedback Device: Assessment of Portfolios, Reflective Journals, Field Engagement using Rubrics, Competency-Based Evaluation, and Assessment of Teacher Prepared ICT Resources.
- Assessment in Andragogy of Education
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- Introduction to Interaction Analysis: Flanders’ Interaction Analysis and Galloway’s System of Interaction Analysis.
- Criteria for Teacher Evaluation.
- Meaning and Steps of Peer Evaluation.
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| Technology in Education |
- Educational Technology
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- Understanding Information Technology and Instructional Technology.
- Applications of Educational Technology in Informal, Non-formal, Formal, and Inclusive Education Systems.
- Overview of Behaviorist, Cognitive, and Constructivist Theories and their Relevance to Instructional Design (Skinner, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Vygotsky).
- Relationship between Learning Theories and Instructional Strategies.
- Systems Approach to Instructional Design
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- Models for Developing Instructional Design: ADDIE, ASSURE, Dick and Carey Model, Mason’s Model.
- Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction.
- The Five E’s of Constructivism.
- The Nine Elements of Constructivist Instructional Design.
- Application of Computers in Education: Concepts, Processes, and Approaches to e-Learning.
- Emerging Trends in e-Learning
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- Social Learning.
- Open Education Resources: Concept and Applications.
- E-Inclusion: Understanding the Concept and the Application of Assistive Technology in e-Learning.
- Quality and Measurement of Quality in e-Learning: Information, System, Service, User Satisfaction, and Net Benefits (D&M IS Success Model, 2003).
- Ethical Issues for e-Learners and e-Teachers in Teaching, Learning, and Research.
- Use of ICT in Evaluation
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- Administration and Research: E-Portfolios.
- ICT for Research: Concepts and Development of Online and Offline Assessment Tools.
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| Research in Education |
- Educational Research
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- Definition, Steps, and Characteristics of the Scientific Method: Replicability, Precision, Falsifiability, and Parsimony.
- Overview of Exploratory, Explanatory, and Descriptive Types of Scientific Method.
- Aims of Research as a Scientific Activity: Problem-solving, Theory Building, and Prediction.
- Types of Research: Fundamental, Applied, and Action Research.
- Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches in Educational Research.
- Design Methods in Educational Research.
- Variables
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- Understanding Concepts, Constructs, and Variables.
- Types of Variables: Independent, Dependent, Extraneous, Intervening, and Moderator.
- Hypotheses: Concept, Sources, and Types (Research, Directional, Non-directional, Null). Formulating Reasonable Hypotheses.
- Sequential Procedure for Writing a Research Proposal and Characteristics of a Good Sample.
- Sampling Techniques: Probability and Non-probability Sampling.
- Research Tools: Validity, Reliability, and Standardization. Types of Tools such as Rating Scales, Attitude Scales, Questionnaires, Aptitude Tests, Achievement Tests, and Inventories.
- Observation, Interview, and Projective Techniques in Research.
- Types of Measurement Scales
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- Understanding Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio Scales.
- Quantitative Data Analysis: Descriptive Data Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Levels of Significance, Power of Statistical Tests, Effect Size, Parametric and Non-Parametric Techniques, Conditions for Using Parametric Techniques, Inferential Data Analysis, Interpretation of Statistical Techniques (Correlation, t-test, z-test, ANOVA, chi-square).
- Qualitative Data Analysis: Data Reduction and Classification, Analytical Induction, Constant Comparison, and Triangulation.
- Qualitative Research Designs
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- Grounded Theory Designs: Types, Characteristics, and Steps in Conducting Grounded Theory Research. Strengths and Weaknesses of Grounded Theory.
- Narrative Research Designs: Meaning and Characteristics of Narrative Research.
- Case Study Designs: Meaning, Characteristics, Components, Types, and Steps in Conducting Case Study Research. Strengths and Weaknesses of Case Studies.
- Ethnographic Research: Meaning, Characteristics, Underlying Assumptions, and Steps in Conducting Ethnographic Research. Writing Ethnographic Accounts.
- Mixed-Method Designs: Types, Characteristics, and Steps in Conducting Mixed-Method Designs. Strengths and Weaknesses of Mixed Methods.
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| Curriculum Studies |
- Concept and Principles of Curriculum: Understanding the concept and principles of the curriculum. Exploring strategies for curriculum development and the stages involved in the process. Examining the foundations of curriculum planning, including philosophical bases (national and democratic), sociological bases (socio-cultural reconstruction), and psychological bases (learner’s needs and interests). Considering the benchmarking and the role of national-level statutory bodies such as UGC, NCTE, and universities in curriculum development.
- Models of Curriculum Design: Analyzing traditional and contemporary models of curriculum design, including academic/discipline-based models, competency-based models, social functions/activities models (social reconstruction), individual needs and interests models, outcome-based integrative models, and intervention models. Understanding the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product model) for curriculum design.
- Instructional Systems and Evaluation of Curriculum: Exploring instructional systems, instructional media, instructional techniques, and instructional materials in enhancing curriculum transaction. Examining different approaches to evaluating curriculum, including academic and competency-based approaches. Analyzing models of curriculum evaluation, such as Tyler’s model, Stakes’ model, Scriven’s model, and Kirkpatrick’s model.
- Curriculum Change, Improvement, and Research: Understanding the meaning and types of curriculum change, as well as the factors that affect curriculum change. Exploring approaches to curriculum change and improvement, considering the roles of students, teachers, and educational administrators. Discussing the scope of curriculum research and exploring different types of research in curriculum studies.
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| Teacher Education |
- Meaning, Nature, and Scope of Teacher Education: Understanding the meaning, nature, and scope of teacher education. Exploring different types of teacher education programs and examining the structure of teacher education curriculum as outlined in the curriculum documents of NCERT and NCTE. Analyzing the organization of components in pre-service teacher education and the transactional approaches used, such as expository, collaborative, and experiential learning.
- Knowledge Base of Teacher Education: Examining the knowledge base of teacher education from the perspectives of Schulman, Deng and Luke, and Habermas. Exploring the concept of reflective teaching and strategies to promote reflective teaching. Analyzing different models of teacher education, including behavioristic, competency-based, and inquiry-oriented models.
- In-service Teacher Education: Understanding the concept, need, purpose, and scope of in-service teacher education. Examining the organization and modes of in-service teacher education, as well as the agencies and institutions involved at the district, state, and national levels (such as SSA, RMSA, SCERT, NCERT, NCTE, and UGC). Considering preliminary aspects in planning in-service teacher education programs, including the purpose, duration, resources, and budget.
- Profession and Professionalism in Teacher Education: Exploring the concept of profession and professionalism, specifically in the context of teaching. Examining the professional ethics of teachers and understanding the personal and contextual factors that affect teacher development. Analyzing the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in teacher education and exploring strategies to enhance the quality and professionalization of teacher education. Discussing innovations in teacher education.
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| Learner and Learning Process |
- Growth and Development: Understanding growth and development, including cognitive processes and various stages of cognitive development and personality. Exploring definitions and theories from notable figures like Freud, Carl Rogers, Gordon Allport, and Max Wertheimer. Examining the concepts of mental health and mental hygiene.
- Approaches to Intelligence – From Unitary to Multiple: Exploring the concept of intelligence, including social intelligence, multiple intelligences, and emotional intelligence. Investigating intelligence theories proposed by scholars such as Sternberg and Gardner. Examining problem-solving concepts, critical thinking, metacognition, and creativity.
- Principles and Theories of Learning: Analysing different theories of learning, including behavioristic, cognitive, and social theories. Identifying factors that influence social learning. Understanding the concept of social cognition and its role in comprehending social relationships and socialization goals.
- Guidance and Counselling: Exploring the nature, principles, and necessity of guidance and counselling. Investigating various types of guidance, such as educational, vocational, personal, health, and social guidance, as well as directive approaches. Examining different counselling approaches, including cognitive-behavioural counselling (Albert Ellis – REBT) and humanistic, person-centred counselling (Carl Rogers).
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| History, Politics and Economics of Education |
- Contributions of Committees and Commissions: Various committees and commissions have made significant contributions to the field of education. These include:
- Teacher Education Secondary Education Commission (1953)
- Kothari Education Commission (1964-66)
- National Policy of Education (1986,1992)
- National Commission on Teachers (1999)
- National Curriculum Framework 2005
- National Knowledge Commission (2007)
- Yashpal Committee Report (2009)
- National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (2009)
- Justice Verma Committee Report (2012)
- Policies and Education: The relationship between educational policy and national development is explored, along with the determinants and process of policy formulation.
- Understanding the Economics of Education: The concept of economics of education is examined, including the comparison between cost-benefit analysis and cost-effective analysis. The economic returns of higher education and the concepts of educational finance and budgeting are also discussed.
- Politics and Education: The various perspectives on the politics of education, including liberal, conservative, and critical viewpoints, are analyzed. Different approaches to understanding politics in the context of education are explored, along with the roles of education in political development and political socialisation.
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| Education Studies |
- Contributions of Indian Schools of Philosophy: The Indian schools of philosophy, namely Sankhya Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism, and Jainism, have made substantial contributions to the field of education. Notably, Vidya and Dayanand Darshan have provided unique perspectives in this regard.
- Contributions of Western Schools of Thought: Various Western schools of thought, including Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Marxism, and Existentialism, have made significant contributions to the field of education. These schools of thought have expanded our understanding of knowledge and wisdom.
- Approaches to the Sociology of Education: The sociology of education encompasses diverse approaches, such as the examination of social institutions and their functions within the family, school, and society. Additionally, it explores concepts and theories related to social movements, such as Relative Deprivation, Resource Mobilization, Political Process Theory, and New Social Movement Theory.
- Socialisation and Education: Prominent thinkers like Swami Vivekananda and Rabindranath Tagore have made substantial contributions to the understanding of socialization and its connection to education. Their insights have shed light on the process of imparting knowledge and shaping individual development.
- National Values in the Indian Constitution– An Educational Perspective: The Indian Constitution upholds fundamental national values, including socialism, secularism, justice, liberty, democracy, equality, and freedom, with regard to education. These values play a significant role in shaping the educational framework and objectives.
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