Flashcards for NEET Biology are designed to boost your NEET preparation. Find below flashcards for Digestion and Absorption. These flashcards on Digestion and Absorption are prepared as per the NEET syllabus. This is helpful for aspirants of NEET and other exams during last-minute revision. Flashcards For NEET Biology – Digestion and Absorption, covers all the important points that are frequently asked in the exam. Check BYJU’S for the full set of Flashcards and Study material for NEET Biology. Solve NEET Biology MCQs to check your understanding and outperform in the exam.
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Thecodont |
The base of the tooth in the socket of bone |
Diphyodont |
Two successive sets of teeth |
Heterodont |
Different types of teeth Incisors, canine, premolars and molars Dental formula 2123 2123 |
Tongue |
Attached to the oral cavity by the frenulum Papillae- small projections, some have taste buds |
Epiglottis |
Cartilaginous flap, which prevents food from entering glottis |
Pyloric sphincter |
Guards opening of the stomach into the duodenum |
Caecum |
Hosts symbiotic microorganisms Vermiform appendix arise fro caecum |
Serosa |
The outermost layer of the alimentary canal Thin mesothelium and some connective tissues |
Muscularis |
Comes after serosa Inner circular and outer longitudinal Made up of smooth muscles |
Submucosa |
Made up of loose connective tissues Contains nerves, blood and lymph vessels Brunner’s glands in the duodenum are present in sub-mucosa |
Mucosa |
The innermost wall of the alimentary canal, lines the lumen Forms irregular folds rugae in stomach Goblet cells- secrete mucus Contains gastric glands |
Villi |
Finger-like foldings in the intestine and increase absorption surface Supplied by blood capillaries and a large lymph vessel called lacteals |
Salivary Glands |
Parotid- cheek Submaxillary/ submandibular- lower jaw Sublingual- below the tongue |
Salivary amylase |
Source- salivary glands Function- carbohydrate digestion starts here Starch (30%) is converted to disaccharide, maltose. Optimum pH 6.8 |
Lysozyme |
Source- saliva Function- antibacterial and protects from infection |
Pepsin |
Source- Peptic or chief cells of the stomach as proenzyme pepsinogen Function- Proteolytic, converts proteins to peptides |
HCl |
Source- Parietal or oxyntic cells Function- converts pepsinogen to pepsin and provides acidic pH (1.8) for the action of pepsin |
Rennin |
Source- chief cells of infants as prorennin Function- digestion of milk protein casein |
Intrinsic factor |
Source- Parietal or oxyntic cells Function- Absorption of vitamin B12 |
Enterokinase |
Source- Intestinal mucosa Function- converts trypsinogen to active enzyme trypsin |
Bile |
Source- Produced by liver, stored in gallbladder and released into duodenum by hepatopancreatic duct Contains- Bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, phospholipids, bile salts, no enzymes Function- Emulsification of fats and activation of pancreatic lipases |
Brunner’s glands |
Present in- Submucosal layer of duodenum Function- Protects intestinal mucosa from acid content of chyme and provides an alkaline medium for enzyme activity (pH=7.8) |
Chyme |
Semifluid acidic mass of partly digested food which enters duodenum from the stomach |
Secretin |
Source- A hormone secreted by S-cells of the duodenum (enteroendocrine cells) Function- Stimulates secretion of pancreatic bicarbonate, regulation of gastric acid secretion and osmoregulation |
Cholecystokinin |
Source- Secreted in the duodenum by I cells Function- Stimulates gallbladder to secrete bile juice and stimulates enzyme production by the pancreas |
Sphincter of Oddi |
Guards the opening of the hepatopancreatic duct into the duodenum |
Goblet cells |
Present in- the intestinal mucosal epithelium Secrete- mucus containing a glycosylated protein called mucin Function- Lubrication and protection of the intestinal mucosa from acid |
Trypsin |
Source- Pancreas as a proenzyme trypsinogen Function- Activates other proenzymes of pancreatic juice and proteolytic enzyme |
Chymotrypsin |
Source- Pancreas as a proenzyme chymotrypsinogen Function- proteolytic enzyme, converts polypeptides to dipeptides |
Crypts of Lieberkuhn |
Crypts at the bases of villi in the mucosa layer of the intestine |
Carboxypeptidase |
Source- Pancreas as a proenzyme procarboxypeptidase Function- Protease enzyme, hydrolyses carboxy-terminal of a protein or peptide |
Pancreatic amylase |
Source- Pancreas Function- Polysaccharide into a disaccharide |
Pancreatic lipases |
Source- Pancreas Function- Digestion of fats to di and monoglycerides |
Nucleases |
Source- Pancreas Function- Converts nucleic acids to nucleotides and nucleosides |
Succus entericus |
Intestinal juice (alkaline) Secreted by- glands of the intestinal wall (goblet cells, brush-border epithelium) Contains- Mucus, Enzymes- enterokinase, dipeptidases, nucleosidases, lipases, disaccharidases (maltase, lactase, etc.) |
Gastric lipases |
Source- Peptic cells or chief cells of the stomach Function- small amount ~1% of emulsified fat in the food is digested to fatty acid and glycerol |
Dipeptidase |
Source- Small intestine Function- Dipeptides to amino acids |
Maltase |
Source- Small intestine Function- Maltose to glucose |
Sucrase |
Source- Small intestine Function- Sucrose to glucose and fructose |
Lactase |
Source- Small intestine Function- Lactose to glucose and galactose |
Nucleotidases |
Source- Small intestine Function- Nucleotides to nucleosides |
Nucleosidases |
Source- Small intestine Function- Nucleosides to sugar and bases |
Lipases |
Source- Small intestine Function- Mono and diglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol |
Physiologic Calorific value |
Fats- 9 kcal/g Carbohydrates- 4 kcal/g Proteins- 4 kcal/g |
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