Flashcards For NEET Biology - Excretory Products and their Elimination

Flashcards for NEET Biology are designed to boost your NEET preparation. Find below flashcards for Excretory Products and their Elimination. These flashcards on Excretory Products and their Elimination are prepared as per the NEET syllabus. This is helpful for aspirants of NEET and other exams during last-minute revision. Flashcards For NEET Biology – Excretory Products and their Elimination, covers all the important points that are frequently asked in the exam. Check BYJU’S for the full set of Flashcards and Study material for NEET Biology. Solve NEET Biology MCQs to check your understanding and outperform in the exam.

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Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination NEET exams

 

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Excretory Products and their Elimination
Ammonotelic animals Aquatic amphibians, aquatic insects, bony fishes

Ammonia is the most toxic excretory product and requires a large amount of water

Ureotelic animals Terrestrial amphibians, marine fishes and mammals

Produced in liver and filtered by kidneys for excretion

Uricotelic animals Insects, land snails, reptiles and birds

Least toxic and requires minimum water for excretion

Protonephridia or flame cells Platyhelminthes or flatworms, rotifers, cephalochordates (Amphioxus), some annelids
Malpighian tubules Most of the insects, e.g. cockroaches
Nephridia Earthworm and other annelids
Antennal or green glands Crustaceans including prawns
Columns of Bertini Renal columns of cortical tissues present between medullary pyramids
Renal corpuscle or malpighian body Made up of-

Glomerulus- tuft of capillaries of the afferent arteriole

Bowman’s capsule- cup-like structure, which encloses glomerulus

Cortical nephron Henle’s loop is very short

Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced

85% of nephrons

Juxta medullary nephron Henle’s loop is long and goes deep in the medulla

Vasa recta is present. It is a u-shaped peritubular capillaries running parallel to Henle’s loop (arising from efferent arteriole)

15% of nephrons

Podocytes Epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule
Juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) Formed by DCT and afferent arteriole

Regulate GFR by releasing renin

Reabsorption 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed by tubules

Active absorption- Na+, glucose, amino acids

Passive absorption- nitrogenous wastes and water

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Lined by simple cuboidal epithelium with brush border

Maximum reabsorption- nutrients, electrolytes, water and HCO3

Selective secretion- K+, H+ and ammonia

Henle’s loop Helps in maintaining high osmolarity of interstitial medullary fluid and concentration of the filtrate

Descending limb- water reabsorption

Ascending limb- electrolytes reabsorption

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) Reabsorption of Na+, water and HCO3

Selective secretion- K+, H+ and ammonia

Collecting duct Reabsorption of water and some urea

Selective secretion- K+, H+

Counter current mechanism Maintains concentration gradient

Flow of filtrate and blood in Henle’s loop and vasa recta, respectively in opposite direction forms counter current

Regulation by ADH/ Vasopressin Synthesised in hypothalamus and released from neurohypophysis

Regulates water reabsorption

Renin-Angiotensin mechanism Decrease in blood pressure and GFR stimulates release of renin from JG cells

Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and then to angiotensin II

Angiotensin II- vasoconstrictor and increases GFR

Release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex resulting in reabsorption of Na+ and water from DCT

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) Released by the atria of heart due to increased blood flow

Vasodilator and antagonises constriction by renin-angiotensin mechanism

Micturition Micturition reflex from CNS causes contraction of smooth muscles of urinary bladder and relaxation of urethral sphincter

1-1.5 l urine and 25-30 g of urea per day are excreted. It is slightly acidic (pH = 6.0)

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Also Check:

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NEET Flashcards: Breathing And Exchange Of Gases

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