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Question 1: The velocity of a particle executing a simple harmonic motion is 13 ms–1, when its distance from the equilibrium position (Q) is 3 m and its velocity is 12 ms–1, when it is 5 m away from Q. The frequency of the simple harmonic motion is
Solution:
Answer: (b)
Velocity of particle at any x from mean-position executing SHM is:-
v = ω√(A2-x2)
(v2/ ω2)+x2 = A2
Given:
At x = 3 m; v = 13 ms-1
(132/ ω2)+32 = A2…(1)
At x = 5 m; v = 12 ms-1
(122/ ω2)+52 = A2…(2)
From (1) and (2)
(169/ ω2)+9 = (144/ ω2)+25
(169/ ω2)- (144/ ω2) = 25-9
(25)/ ω2 = 16
ω2 = 25/16
ω = (5/4) rad/sec
Frequency [f]:
ω = 2πf
f = ω/2π
= 5/8π
Question 2: A uniform string of length L and mass M is fixed at both ends while it is subject to a tension T. It can vibrate at frequencies (ν) given by the formula (where n = 1, 2, 3, .....)
Solution:
Answer: (a)
If the string is vibrating in n segment and wavelength of wave is λ.
L = nλ/2
Velocity of transverse wave in string is:-
v = √T/ μ
T = Tension in the string
μ = mass per unit length = M/L
Velocity of a wave:-
V = νλ
V = v/λ
= (n/2L)√(TL/M)
= (n/2)(√T/ML)
Question 3: A uniform capillary tube of length l and inner radius r with its upper end sealed is submerged vertically into water. The outside pressure is p0 and surface tension of water is γ. When a length x of the capillary is submerged into water, it is found that water levels inside and outside the capillary coincide. The value of x is
Solution:
Answer: (d)
Assumption:-
The temperature of Air in the capillary remains constant
[PV = nRT]
So for air inside capillary
PiVi = PfVf
P0Al = PA[ l– x]
P = P0l/(l-x)…..(i)
[Angle of contact θ = 0°]
At interface:- P-P0 = 2γ/r…..(ii)
Put value of P from (i) in equation (ii):-
(P0l/(l-x))-P0 = 2γ/r
(P0x/(l-x)) = 2γ/r
P0r/2 γ = (l-x)/x
P0r/2 γ = (l/x)-1
(P0r/2 γ)+1 = (l/x)
x = l/(1+P0r/2 γ)
Question 4: A liquid of bulk modulus k is compressed by applying an external pressure such that its density increases by 0.01%. The pressure applied on the liquid is
Solution:
Answer: (a)
Bulk modulus [K] = -P/ ∆V/V …..(i)
Mass of liquid element is constant m = ρV
∆m/m = ∆ρ/ρ+∆V/V
0 = ∆ρ/ρ+∆V/V
∆ρ/ρ = -∆V/V
From (i) P = -K∆V/V
P = +K∆ρ/ρ
∆ρ/ρ = 0.01/100 = 1/10000
P = K/10000
Question 5: Temperature of an ideal gas, initially at 270C, is raised by 60C. The rms velocity of the gas molecules will,
Solution:
Answer: (c)
The rms velocity of an ideal gas:
vrms = √(3RT/M)
vrms ∝ √T
For % change in rms velocity
∆v/v = (½)∆T/T
= ½ (6/300)
= 1/100
%∆v/v = 1%
Question 6: 2 moles of an ideal monoatomic gas is carried from a state (P0, V0) to a state (2P0, 2V0) along a straight line path in a P-V diagram. The amount of heat absorbed by the gas in the process is given by
Solution:
Answer: (c)
Given:-
n = 2 moles
[Ideal monoatomic gas] , Cv = 3R/2
Work done by the gas = Area enclosed by curve on volume axis
W = (½)[P0+2P0].v0
= 3P0V0/2
∆U = nCv ∆T
= n(3R/2)[T2-T1]
= n(3R/2)[(2P02V0/nR)-( P0V0/nR)]
= 9P0V0
For a process:
∆Q = W+∆U
∆Q = (3P0V0)/2 +(9P0V0)/2
= 6P0V0
Question 7: A solid rectangular sheet has two different coefficients of linear expansion α1 and α2 along its length and breadth respectively. The coefficient of surface expansion is (for α1t <<1, α2 t < < 1)
Solution:
Answer: (d)
A = lb
∆ A/A = (∆l/l)+( ∆b/b)
∆l = l α1 ∆T
∆b = b α2 ∆T
∆ A/A = α1 ∆T+ α2 ∆T …(i)
If β is Arial co-efficient of solid then,
∆A = βA ∆T
β∆T = α1 ∆T+ α2 ∆T ..(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
β = α1+ α2
Question 8: A positive charge Q is situated at the centre of a cube. The electric flux through any face of the cube is (in SI units)
Solution:
Answer: (a)
From Gauss law electric flux through any closed surface is given by:-
φ = qin/ ε0
φ = Q/ ε0
As charge is at the body centre of the cube hence, flux passing through each face is same according to symmetricity.
φface = Q/ 6ε0
Question 9: Three capacitors of capacitance 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 µF are connected in series to a 10V source. The potential difference across the 2.0 µF capacitor is
Solution:
Answer: (c)
1/Ceq = (1/C1)+(1/C2)+(1/C3)
1/Ceq = (1/1)+(1/2)+(1/5)
1/Ceq = 1+(1/2)+(1/5)
Ceq = 10/17 μF
Charge – flown by battery:-
Q = CeqV
= (10/17)10
= 100/17 μC
As all capacitors are connected in series charge is same across all capacitors.
For 2 μF
q2 = Q = C2V2
V2 = Q/C2
= (100/17)/2
= 50/17 volt
Question 10: A charge of 0.8 coulomb is divided into two charges Q1 and Q2. These are kept at a separation of 30 cm. The force on Q1 is maximum when
Solution:
Answer: (a)
Q = Q1+Q2
Q2 = Q-Q1
Force on charge Q1
F = KQ1Q2/r2
F = KQ1[Q-Q1]/r2
For Fmax
dF/dQ1 = 0
Q-2Q1 = 0
Q1 = Q/2 = 0.4 C
Question 11: The magnetic field due to a current in a straight wire segment of length L at a point on its perpendicular bisector at a distance r (r >> L)
Solution:
Answer: (b)
By Biot - Savart law:-
Question 12: The magnets of two suspended coil galvanometers are of the same strength so that they produce identical uniform magnetic fields in the region of the coils. The coil of the first one is in the shape of a square of side a and that of the second one is circular of radius a/ √π . When the same current is passed through the coils, the ratio of the torque experienced by the first coil to that experienced by the second one is
Solution:
Answer: (b)
Torque [τ] = iAB
As i and B are same
So τ ∝ A
τ1/τ2 = A1/A2
τ1/τ2 = a2/( π(a/√π)2
= 1
Question 13: A proton is moving with a uniform velocity of 106 ms–1 along the Y-axis, under the joint action of a magnetic field along Z-axis and an electric field of magnitude 2 × 104 Vm–1 along the negative X-axis. If the electric field is switched off, the proton starts moving in a circle. The radius of the circle is nearly (given : ratio for proton = 108 Ckg–1)
Solution:
Answer: (a)
We know from EM waves:
B = E/V = (2×104)/106
B = 2×10-2 T
Now when E is switched off
For circular motion
mv2/R = qvB
Given m/a = 10-8Ckg-1
R = mv/qB
= 10-8×106/2×10-2
= 0.5 m
Question 14: When the frequency of the AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit is gradually increased from a low value, the impedance of the circuit
Solution:
Answer: (c)
The impedance of the circuit [series LCR] is given by:-
Z2 = [XL-XC]2+R2
Z2 = [ωL- 1/ωC]2+R2
As we gradually increase frequency, z first decreases and then increases.
Question 15: Six wires, each of resistance r, are connected so as to form a tetrahedron. The equivalent resistance of the combination when current enters through one corner and leaves through some other corner is
Solution:
Answer: (d)
3 & 4 are equipotential point then,
Req = r/2
Question 16: A Consider the circuit shown in the figure. The value of the resistance X for which the thermal power generated in it is practically independent of small variation of its resistance is
Solution:
Answer: (c)
i = E/[R+(RX/R+X)]
Voltage drop across [R1]:
VR1 = iR1
= E/[R+(RX/R+X)](RX/R+X)
VR1 = EX/(R+2X)
PX = VR12/X
PX = E2X/(R+2X)2
dPX/dx = E2[R-2X]/[R+2X]3
[dPX] will be zero for all dx if
X = R/2
Question 17: Consider the circuit shown in the figure where all the resistances are of magnitude 1kilo ohm. If the current in the extreme right resistance X is 1 mA, the potential difference between A and B is
Solution:
Answer: (a)
Across C & D same potential current will divide according to :-
i ∝1/R
At C apply KCL
Apply KCL at E.
Apply KCl at F.
VAB = iR = 34×10–3A×1×103 ohm
= 34 V
Question 18: The ratio of the diameter of the sun to the distance between the earth and the sun is approximately 0.009. The approximate diameter of the image of the sun formed by a concave spherical mirror of radius of curvature 0.4 m is
Solution:
Answer: (d)
For concave-mirror if object is placed at infinity: image will be formed at focus [f]
θ = D/dSE = d/f
d = θf
d = 0.009×0.2 m
d = 1.8×10–3 m
Question 19: Two monochromatic coherent light beams A and B have intensities L and L/4 respectively. If these beams are superposed, the maximum and minimum intensities will be
Solution:
Answer: (a)
I = √I12+√I22+2√I1√I2 cos φ
For max. intensity
cos φ = 1
Imax = (√I1 + √I2)2
For minimum intensity:
Imin = (√I1 - √I2)2
Imax = (√L + √(L/4))2
= 9L/4
Imin = (√L - √(L/4))2
= L/4
Question 20: A point object is held above a thin equiconvex lens at its focus. The focal length is 0.1 m and the lens rests on a horizontal thin plane mirror. The final image will be formed at
Solution:
Answer: (b)
Image will be formed on object itself.
Question 21: A parallel beam of light is incident on a glass prism in the shape of a quarter cylinder of radius R = 0.05 m and refractive index n = 1.5 placed on a horizontal table as shown in the figure. Beyond the cylinder, a patch of light is found whose nearest distance x from the cylinder is
Solution:
Answer: (c)
sin θc = 1/n = 2/3
cos θc = R/(R+x)
√(1-4/9) = R/(R+x)
√5/3 = R/(R+x)
x = (3√5-5) ×10-2m
Question 22: The de Broglie wavelength of an electron is 0.4×10–10 m when its kinetic energy is 1.0 keV. Its wavelength will be 1.0 ×10–10 m, when its kinetic energy is
Solution:
Answer: (d)
Wavelength: λ = h/p
= h/√(2mk)
λ ∝1/ √k
√(k2/k1) = λ1/ λ2
(k2/k1) = (λ1/ λ2)2
k2 = (0.4×10-10m/1.0×10-10m)21keV
k2 = 0.16 keV
Question 23: When light of frequency ν1 is incident on a metal with work function W (where h ν1> W), the photocurrent falls to zero at a stopping potential of V1. If the frequency of light is increased to ν2, the stopping potential changes to V2. Therefore, the charge of an electron is given by
Solution:
Answer: (c)
We know for a photon:-
KEmax = h ν – h ν0
KEmax = h ν –φ0 .....(i)
KEmax = qV0 .....(ii)
q = charge on electron
V0 = stopping potential
φ0 = work-function of a metal
From (i) & (ii)
qV0 = h ν–φ0
When light of intensity ν1 falls :-
eV1 = h ν1–w
h ν1= w + eV1 ....(iii)
When light of intensity ν2 falls
eV2 = h ν2–w
h ν2 = eV2 + w .....(iv)
(iii) ÷ (iv) :
ν1 / ν2 = (w+eV1)/( w+eV2)
w ν1+ e ν1V2 = w ν2 + e ν2V1
e ν1V2 – e ν2V1 = w[ν2 – ν1]
e = W(ν2- ν1)/( ν1V2- ν2V1)
Question 24: Radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days. If one starts with 0.064 kg of Radon-222, the quantity of Radon-222 left after 19 days will be
Solution:
Answer: (a)
The equation of Radioactive-Decay :-
N=N0e– λt
The radioactive constant:-
λ = ln 2/t1/2
= ln 2/3.8
Quantity N at t = 19 day:
N = 0.064 e(-ln2/3.8)19
N = 0.064 e–5ln2
N = 0.064 e–ln32
N = 0.002 kg
Question 25: In the given circuit, the binary inputs at A and B are both 1 in first case and both 0 in the next case. The respective outputs at Y in these two cases will be:
Solution:
Answer: (b)
For A = 1 ; B = 1
Y = 0
And for A = 0 ; B = 0
Y = 0
Question 26: When a semiconducting device is connected in series with a battery and a resistance, a current is found to flow in the circuit. If, however, the polarity of the battery is reversed, practically no current flows in the circuit. The device may be
Solution:
Answer: (d)
p–n junction Diode :
It is a one way device. It offers a low resistance when forward biased hence current easily flow.
It offers high resistance when reverse biased and current almost becomes zero.
Question 27: The dimension of the universal constant of gravitation G is
Solution:
Answer: (b)
From Newton’s law of gravitation:
F = Gm1m2/r2
[G] = [Fr2/m1m2]
= [M1L1T-2 L2/M2]
= [M-1L3T-2]
Question 28: Two particles A and B (both initially at rest) start moving towards each other under a mutual force of attraction. At the instant when the speed of A is v and the speed of B is 2v, the speed of the centre of mass is
Solution:
Answer: (a)
Hence, at all instants centre of mass the system will be at rest.
Question 29: Three vectors
Solution:
Answer: (b)
There are three unknowns hence we require 3 equations accordingly. [use application of scalar product]
a + b + 1 = 0 .....(i)
1 + b + c = 0 .....(ii)
a + 1 + c = 0 .....(iii)
Adding (i), (ii) & (iii) :
2[a + b + c] + 3 = 0
a = (-3-2(b+c))/2 = -1/2
b = (-3-2(a+c))/2 = -1/2
c = (-3-2(a+b))/2 = -1/2
Question 30: A block of mass 1 kg starts from rest at x = 0 and moves along the x-axis under the action of a force F=kt, where t is time and k =1 Ns–1. The distance the block will travel in 6 seconds is
Solution:
Answer: (a)
u = 0
F = kt
F = kt = ma
k = 1NS-1
m = 1
t = ma/k = dv/dt
x = t3/6
At t = 6 sec, x = 36m.
Question 31: A particle with charge Q coulomb, tied at the end of an inextensible string of length R meter, revolves in a vertical plane. At the centre of the circular trajectory there is a fixed charge of magnitude Q coulomb. The mass of the moving charge M is such that Mg =
Solution:
Answer: (b)
As Mg = Q2/4 π ε0R2
At highest point tension in the string vanishes
T = 0
As T = 0
v = 0
Applying work-kinetic-energy theorem:-
WD|All-forces = ∆K.E
Mg[2R] = ½ mv02v0
= 2√(gR)
Question 32: A bullet of mass 4.2×10–2 kg, moving at a speed of 300 ms–1, gets stuck into a block with a mass 9 times that of the bullet. If the block is free to move without any kind of friction, the heat generated in the process will be
Solution:
Answer: (b)
Mass of Bullet = m
Velocity of Bullet = 300 m/s
When Bullet will get stuck inside Block, both will move with same velocity i.e. V
Applying conservation of linear – momentum:-
mv = [m + 9m] V
V = v/10
As there is no friction hence
Heat generated = change in K.E
= ½ mv2-(1/2)10mV2
= ½ mv2-(1/2)10m(v/10)2
= (9/20)mv2
= 1701 J
Total heat generated in calories:-
= 1701/4.2
= 405 cal
Question 33: A particle with charge e and mass m, moving along the X-axis with a uniform speed u, enters a region where a uniform electric field E is acting along the Y-axis. The particle starts to move in a parabola. Its focal length (neglecting any effect of gravity) is
Solution:
Answer: (d)
ay = Fe/m = [qE/m]
No effect of gravity is considered.
For particle trajectory
Sy = uyt+(1/2)ayt2
y = (1/2)(qE/m)t2
y = (1/2)(qE/m)(x/u)2
y = (Ee/2mu2)x2
Now this parabola relates with
x2 = 4ay
x2 = [2mu2 /Ee] y
4a = 2mu2/Ee
Hence a = mu2/2Ee
Question 34: A unit negative charge with mass M resides at midpoint of the straight line of length 2a adjoining two fixed charges of magnitude + Q each. If it is given a very small displacement x(x < < a) in a direction perpendicular to the straight line, it will
Solution:
Answer: (G)
Bonus
Its given small displacement
Restoring force towards mean position
Fnet = -2Fsin θ
Fnet = [-2KQ×1/(y2+a2)](y/√(y2+a2)
= -2KQy/[y2+a2]3/2
y<<a small displacement
Fnet = -2KQy/a3
Frequency [f] = (1/2π)√(K/M)
= (1/2π)√(2KQ/Ma3)
= (1/2π)√(Q/2π ε0Ma3)
None of the option is correct.
Question 35: Consider the circuit given here. The potential difference VBC between the points B and C is
Solution:
Answer: (b)
At starting of the circuit [t = 0] capacitor can be replaced by a simple wire. Hence
i = 3/6×103
= 0.5×10–3 A
VAD = iR
= 0.5 × 10–3×3×103
= 1.5 V
Q = (2/3)1.5 = 1μC
Applying KVL from B to C
VB – 0.5×10–3 ×2×103 +(1/2) = VC
VB–VC = 0.5 V
Question 36: If the pressure, temperature and density of an ideal gas are denoted by P, T and ρ, respectively, the velocity of sound in the gas is
Solution:
Answer: (b,c)
Velocity of sound: V = √(γRT/M)….(i)
PV = nRT
PV = (m/M)RT
P = (m/V)RT/M
P = ρRT/M
RT/M = P/ρ
Putting value in (i)
V = √(γP/ρ) …(ii)
Now from (i) and (ii)
V ∝ √T
When ρ is constant
V ∝ √P
Option (b) and (c) are correct.
Question 37: Two long parallel wires separated by 0.1 m carry currents of 1 A and 2 A respectively in opposite directions. A third current-carrying wire parallel to both of them is placed in the same plane such that it feels no net magnetic force. It is placed at a distance of
Solution:
Answer: (c)
B1 = B2
μ0(1)/2 πx = μ0(2)/2 π(0.1+x)
x = 0.1 m
Question 38: If χ stands for the magnetic susceptibility of a substance, µ for its magnetic permeability and µ0 for the permeability of free space, then
Solution:
Answer: (b,d)
χ = μr–1
μr = μ/μ0
For paramagnetic substance:- χ > 0, μr > 1 ; μ > μ0
For diamagnetic substance: χ < 0, μr < 1 ; μ < μ0
For ferromagnetic substance:- χ >> 1, μ >> μ0
If 0 <μ <μ0 then substance will not be paramagnetic. Hence option (a) is incorrect.
Question 39: Let vn and En be the respective speed and energy of an electron in the nth orbit of radius rn, in a hydrogen atom, as predicted by Bohr’s model. Then
Solution:
Answer: (a,b,c,d)
ln(rnE1/r1En) = 4ln n (slope = 4)
Option a,b,c,d are correct.
Question 40: A small steel ball bounces on a steel plate held horizontally. On each bounce the speed of the ball arriving at the plate is reduced by a factor e (coefficient of restitution) in the rebound, so that Vupward = eVdownward
If the ball is initially dropped from a height of 0.4 m above the plate and if 10 seconds later the bouncing ceases, the value of e is
Solution:
Answer: (d)
Total time of bouncing = 10 sec
Maximum height achieved in 1st rebounce :
h1 = V12/2g = e2u2/2g = he2
Time taken in 1st rebounce :
t1 = 2 √(2h1/g)
= 2√(he2/g)
Time taken in 2nd rebounce :
e = 17/18