NCERT Notes:Sayyid and Lodi Dynasties [Medieval History Of India For UPSC]

Sayyid Dynasty was founded by Khizr Khan in 1414 A.D, and the rule of this dynasty ended when Ala-ud-din Shah was the ruler. Lodi Dynasty began from 1451 A.D. Bahlul Lodi was the founder of Lodi Dynasty. This article briefly covers all the rulers of the Sayyid Dynasty and Lodi Dynasty.

Aspirants would find this article very helpful while preparing for the IAS Exam.

Sayyid and Lodi Dynasties (UPSC Notes):- Download PDF Here

The Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451 A.D.)

Khizr Khan (1414- 1421 A.D.)

1. He was the founder of Sayyid Dynasty
2. He did not swear any royal title.
3. He was the Governor of Multan.
4. He took advantage of the disordered situation in India after Timur’s invasion.
5. In 1414 A.D. he occupied the throne of Delhi.
6. He brought parts of Surat, Dilapur, and Punjab under his control.
7. But he lost Bengal, Deccan, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Khandesh and Malwa.
8. In 1421 he died.
9. Mubarak Shah Khizr Khan’s son succeeded him.

Mubarak Shah (1421-1434 A.D.)

1. Mubarak Shah crushed the local chiefs of the Doab region and the Khokhars.
2. He is first Sultan ruler to appoint Hindu nobles in the court of Delhi.
3. He constructed “Mubarakbad” City on the banks of the river Jamuna.
4. Muhammad Shah Mubarak’s nephew succeeded him.

Muhammad Shah (1434-1445 A.D.)

1. He defeated the ruler of Malwa with the help of Bahlul Lodi the Governor of Lahore.
2. He conferred Bahlul Lodi with the title Khan-i-Khanan for help in defeating the ruler of Malwa.
3. Later Ala-ud-din Shah succeeded him. 

Ala-ud-din Shah (1445-1457 A.D.)

1. He was not a strong ruler.
2. Ala-ud-din Shah was removed from the throne by Bahlul Lodi in 1457 A.D. by Bahlul Lodi who was the Governor of Lahore. Delhi was captured by him and he was sent to Badaun.
3. Ala-ud-din Shah died in Badaun in 1478 A.D.

Lodi Dynasty (1451 to 1526)

Bahlul Lodi (1451 -1489 A.D.)

1. Bahlul Lodi was the founder of Lodi Dynasty.
2. Sultanate Period ended with Lodi Dynasty.
3. He was a wise statesman who knew his limits.
4. He took various measures to gratify his nobles.
5. Gwalior, Samthal, Sakit, Mewat was conquered by Bahlul Lodi.
6. He died in 1489 A.D.
7. To gain support and recognition, Bahlul Lodi never sat on the throne instead,  he opted to sit on the carpet with his nobles.

Sikandar Shahi (1489-1517 A.D.)

1. Sikandar Shahi was the son of Bahlul Lodi.
2. He swore the title Sikandar Shah and ascended the throne.
3. He set up a well-organized spy system.
4. He developed agriculture and industry.
5. He put severe restrictions on the Hindus.
6. Sikandar Shah enjoyed “Shehnai” Music.
7. A work on music names “Lahjati-Sikandar Shahi” was created during his reign.

End of Lodi Dynasty (1517-1526 A.D.)

1. Sikhandar Lodi was succeeded by Ibrahim Lodi.
2. Ibrahim Lodi was stubborn and intolerant which were not good qualities in a ruler.
3. Nobles were killed cruelly and many nobles were humiliated by Ibrahim Lodi.
4. He also treated his son Dilwar Khan Lodi cruelly.
5. Invasion of India was done by Kabul ruler, Babur, at the behest of Daulat Khan, a very powerful noble from Punjab.
6. In the 1st battle of Panipat in the year 1526 A.D, Ibrahim Lodi faced defeat at the hands of Babur.

Sayyid and Lodi Dynasties (UPSC Notes):- Download PDF Here

Consider the following statements

1. Sikandar Shahi was the son of Ibrahim Lodi.
2. Sultanate Period ended with Ala-ud-din Shah
3. Mubarak Shah was not the first Sultan ruler to appoint Hindu nobles in the court of Delhi.
4. Khizr Khan won Bengal, Deccan.

Which of the following statements are true?

A) All the statements are true

B) None of the statements are true

C) Only 1 and 2 are true

D) Only 3 and 4 are true.

Answer: B

The above details would help candidates prepare for UPSC 2023.

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