06 April 2024 CNA
Download PDF Here
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. GS 1 Related B. GS 2 Related INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1. India abstains from HRC vote calling Gaza ceasefire C. GS 3 Related ECONOMY 1. RBI keeps repo rate on hold as food prices remain high 2. RBI to enable UPI for cash deposit SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Venky’s pushing antibiotics as poultry growth promoter D. GS 4 Related E. Editorials INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1. There will be no independent, sovereign Palestine F. Prelims Facts 1. Tylosin G. Tidbits H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
A. GS 1 Related
Nothing here for today!!!
B. GS 2 Related
Category: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. India abstains from HRC vote calling Gaza ceasefire
Syllabus: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s Interests
Prelims: Gaza
Mains: India-Israel-Palestine relations
Context​: India abstained from a resolution at the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) that called for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, along with the implementation of an arms embargo on Israel. The decision garnered attention due to India’s historical stance on similar resolutions and its voting pattern at the UNHRC.
Issues:
- Abstention on Gaza Ceasefire Resolution: India’s decision to abstain from voting on the resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza raised questions regarding its stance on the Israel-Palestine conflict and the UNHRC’s role in addressing it.
Significance:
- Alignment with Previous Votes: India’s abstention is seen as consistent with its past approach to UNHRC resolutions that focus on accountability in conflict situations.
- Selective Voting: While abstaining from the ceasefire resolution, India voted in favour of three other resolutions criticizing Israel’s human rights violations against Palestinians and supporting the Palestinian right to self-determination. This highlights India’s nuanced approach to the Israel-Palestine conflict within international forums.
Solutions:
- Transparent Communication: The Ministry of External Affairs should provide clarity on the rationale behind India’s abstention from the Gaza ceasefire resolution, ensuring transparency in its foreign policy decisions.
- Balanced Engagement: India should continue to engage diplomatically in the Israel-Palestine conflict, advocating for a peaceful resolution while emphasizing the importance of accountability and human rights.
Nut Graf: India’s abstention from the UNHRC vote on the Gaza ceasefire resolution reflects its nuanced approach to the Israel-Palestine conflict, balancing concerns for accountability and human rights with diplomatic considerations. Moving forward, transparent communication and balanced engagement will be essential for navigating India’s stance on this complex and longstanding issue within the international community.
C. GS 3 Related
Category: ECONOMY
1. RBI keeps repo rate on hold as food prices remain high
Syllabus: Economic Development in India, Macroeconomics
Prelims: Repo rate
Mains: Reserve Bank of India (RBI) monetary policy
Context​: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has chosen to keep the repo rate unchanged at 6.50% due to concerns over persistently high food prices, despite some moderation in overall inflation. This marks the seventh consecutive time that the RBI has opted to maintain interest rates.
Issues:
- High Food Prices: A spike in food prices has been a persistent concern for the RBI, impacting its decision-making regarding monetary policy.
- Inflation Moderation: While overall inflation has shown some signs of moderation, uncertainties related to food prices continue to pose challenges.
- Growth-Inflation Balance: The RBI is striving to strike a balance between curbing inflation and supporting economic growth, considering the evolving growth-inflation dynamics.
Significance:
- Monetary Policy Stability: The decision to keep the repo rate unchanged reflects the RBI’s commitment to maintaining stability in monetary policy amidst economic uncertainties.
- Inflation Management: Addressing food price inflation is crucial for achieving the RBI’s inflation target and ensuring price stability in the economy.
- Impact on Economic Growth: Balancing inflation control measures with support for economic growth is essential for sustaining India’s economic recovery trajectory.
Solutions:
- Inflation Targeting: The RBI will continue to focus on aligning inflation with its target on a sustainable basis, to ensure long-term price stability.
- Food Price Management: Measures to address supply-side constraints and enhance food production can help mitigate food price pressures and stabilize inflation.
- Policy Communication: Clear communication of the RBI’s monetary policy stance and objectives is vital to guiding market expectations and investor confidence.
- Data Monitoring: Monitoring inflation trends, particularly in essential food items, and responding proactively with appropriate policy measures are necessary to manage inflationary pressures effectively.
Nut Graf: The RBI’s decision to maintain the repo rate amidst high food prices underscores the central bank’s cautious approach to monetary policy in the face of inflationary challenges. Going forward, concerted efforts to address food price uncertainties, maintain price stability, and support sustainable economic growth will be critical for India’s economic resilience and stability.
2. RBI to enable UPI for cash deposit
Syllabus: Mobilization of Resources and Growth
Prelims: UPI for cash deposit
Mains: Significance of UPI for cash deposit
Context​: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced several measures aimed at enhancing banking services and improving customer convenience. Among these initiatives is the proposal to enable the Unified Payment Interface (UPI) for cash deposits, a move that reflects the growing popularity and acceptance of digital payment systems in India.
Issues:
- Limited Options for Cash Deposits: Currently, the facility for cash deposits is primarily available through the use of debit cards, limiting customer choice and convenience.
- Enhancing Customer Convenience: The introduction of UPI for cash deposits aims to provide customers with an additional avenue for depositing cash, leveraging the widespread adoption of UPI and its benefits.
Significance:
- Expanded Banking Access: Enabling UPI for cash deposits will broaden the range of options available to customers, making banking services more accessible and convenient, particularly for those without debit cards.
- Promotion of Digital Payments: The move aligns with the government’s push towards a digital economy by encouraging the use of digital payment platforms like UPI for a wider range of financial transactions.
- Encouraging Non-Resident Investments: Permitting eligible foreign investors in the International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) to invest in Sovereign Green Bonds (SGrBs) promotes greater participation in sustainable investment instruments, contributing to environmental goals.
Solutions:
- Operational Guidelines: The RBI will issue operational instructions to facilitate the implementation of UPI for cash deposit facilities, ensuring seamless integration into existing banking systems.
- Regulatory Framework: Establishing a regulatory framework for foreign investments in SGrBs in IFSC, in consultation with the government and relevant authorities, to promote sustainable investment practices.
- Technology Integration: Developing a user-friendly mobile app for the Retail Direct scheme to enhance investor accessibility and streamline investment processes in government securities.
Nut Graf: The RBI’s initiatives to enable UPI for cash deposits, permit foreign investments in green bonds, and introduce a mobile app for the Retail Direct scheme demonstrate its commitment to enhancing banking services and promoting financial inclusion. These measures not only offer customers greater flexibility and convenience in banking transactions but also contribute to the promotion of sustainable investment practices and the advancement of digital payments in India.
Category: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. Venky’s pushing antibiotics as poultry growth promoter
Syllabus: Developments in Science and Technology, Applications of scientific developments in everyday life
Prelims: Antibiotics
Mains: Issue of using antibiotics as growth promoter
Context​: Poultry producer Venky’s has come under scrutiny for its marketing and sale of antibiotics to farmers, contributing to the spread of drug-resistant infections, according to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ). This analysis delves into the issues surrounding Venky’s practices, their significance, and potential solutions to address antibiotic misuse in the poultry industry.
Issues:
- Antibiotic Misuse: Venky’s is marketing antibiotics to farmers for non-therapeutic purposes, including growth promotion and preventative use, contrary to WHO guidelines. This practice can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance in both animals and humans.
- Critical Drug Usage: Venky’s products contain antibiotics classified by the WHO as critically important to human medicine, such as tylosin, amoxicillin, and neomycin, raising concerns about the impact on human health.
- Lack of Regulation: The availability of these antibiotics without proper veterinary prescriptions and oversight indicates a regulatory gap in monitoring and controlling antibiotic use in the poultry industry.
Significance:
- Public Health Risk: Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health, leading to the ineffectiveness of vital medicines in treating infections and increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality.
- Global Impact: Misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming contributes to the global spread of drug-resistant pathogens, impacting food safety and public health worldwide.
- Corporate Responsibility: Venky’s, as a major player in the poultry industry, has a responsibility to adhere to ethical practices and prioritize public health concerns over profit motives.
Solutions:
- Regulatory Enforcement: Strengthening regulatory frameworks to monitor and enforce restrictions on the use of antibiotics in livestock farming, including stringent controls on sales and prescriptions.
- Education and Awareness: Educating farmers, veterinarians, and consumers about the risks of antibiotic misuse, promoting alternative farming practices, and encouraging responsible antibiotic stewardship.
- Industry Accountability: Holding poultry producers accountable for their antibiotic marketing and sales practices, promoting transparency, and encouraging sustainable and ethical production methods.
- Research and Innovation: Investing in research and development of alternative strategies for disease prevention and growth promotion in poultry farming, such as probiotics, vaccines, and improved hygiene practices.
Nut Graf: The misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming, as exemplified by Venky’s practices, poses a significant public health risk and underscores the urgent need for regulatory intervention and industry accountability. Addressing antibiotic resistance requires concerted efforts from all stakeholders, including governments, industry players, healthcare professionals, and consumers, to safeguard the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations and ensure food safety and public health.
D. GS 4 Related
Nothing here for today!!!
E. Editorials
Category: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. There will be no independent, sovereign Palestine
Syllabus: GS-2, Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests.
Mains: Issue of PalestineÂ
Context:​ In the contemporary Middle East, the prospect of an independent, sovereign Palestinian state coexisting peacefully with Israel seems increasingly remote. Despite past negotiations and international efforts, recent developments have cast doubt on the feasibility of the two-state solution.Â
Background:
- Before October 7, 2023, there was some possibility of a Palestinian state emerging at some time, even with several caveats.Â
- Many rounds of negotiations took place between the two sides to work out a detailed road map of how the two-state solution would look. In January 2001, in Taba, they came close to reaching an agreement.
Hamas versus the Palestinian Authority:
- The resurgence of the two-state formula post-October 7 is met with scepticism, given the rising influence of Hamas and dwindling support for a Palestinian state among Israelis.
- Hamas’ growing popularity in the West Bank poses a significant challenge to the Palestinian Authority’s moderate stance and cooperation with Israel.
- The Palestinian Authority’s credibility has been undermined by allegations of corruption and inefficiency, making Hamas a formidable contender in future elections.
- Eradicating Hamas appears unattainable, prolonging the conflict and necessitating military action, such as the invasion of Rafah.
Issues:
- Political Polarization: The divergence between Hamas and the Palestinian Authority complicates efforts to achieve consensus on a peaceful resolution.
- Security Concerns: The presence of hostages held by Hamas exacerbates tensions and fuels demands for decisive action from the Israeli government.
- Regional Destabilization: The Gaza conflict risks spiraling into a broader regional confrontation, involving Hezbollah in Lebanon, Syria, Iran, and potentially Egypt.
- International Intervention: Despite diplomatic efforts, including UN resolutions and US involvement, the situation remains volatile, with the risk of external powers being drawn into the conflict.
Significance:
- The failure to address the Israeli-Palestinian conflict not only perpetuates human suffering but also threatens regional stability and international security.
- Escalating tensions could have far-reaching consequences, exacerbating existing geopolitical fault lines and undermining efforts for peace and cooperation in the Middle East.
Solutions:
- Diplomatic Engagement: International stakeholders must redouble efforts to facilitate dialogue and negotiation between Israel and Palestinian factions.
- Conflict Mitigation: Immediate measures, such as temporary ceasefires, are essential to prevent further loss of life and infrastructure damage.
- Addressing Root Causes: Long-term solutions require addressing underlying grievances, including socio-economic disparities and political disenfranchisement.
- Multilateral Cooperation: Regional powers and international organizations must collaborate to de-escalate tensions and promote a sustainable peace process.
Nut Graf: The Israeli-Palestinian conflict remains a volatile flashpoint with far-reaching implications for regional stability and global security. Addressing the complex dynamics between Hamas and the Palestinian Authority, mitigating the risk of wider conflict escalation, and fostering international cooperation is imperative for achieving a just and lasting resolution to the decades-old dispute. Ignoring the potential consequences of inaction could have dire consequences for all stakeholders involved.
F. Prelims Facts
1. Tylosin
- Tylosin – An antimicrobial used for veterinary care.Â
- The issue is some of its type is used in humans too hence a chance of creating AMR if consumed in large amounts.
G. Tidbits
Nothing here for today!!!
H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions
Q1. Consider the following statements about the Repo Rate in India:
- It is the rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends money to commercial banks.
- A decrease in the Repo Rate leads to cheaper credit for businesses and individuals.
- The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) determines the Repo Rate.
How many statements is/are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- Only three
- None of the above
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: c
Q2. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding food inflation in India?
- Statement-I: Food inflation reflects the changes in food prices and is a component of the headline.
- Statement-II: Core inflation excludes volatile items like food and fuel from the inflation calculation.
- Statement-III: Factors such as supply disruptions and seasonal variations can contribute to food inflation.
Which statements are correct?
- Only I and II
- Only II and III
- Only I and III
- I, II, and II
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: d
Q3. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the proceedings of the Indian Parliament?
- Question Hour – Members of Parliament can ask questions to ministers about government policies and actions.
- Zero Hour – MPs can raise important matters with prior notice during this hour.
- Adjournment Motion – Used to adjourn the House for discussing urgent matters that need immediate attention.
Options:
- Only 1 and 2
- Only 2 and 3
- Only 1 and 3
- 1, 2 and 3
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: c
Q4. In the context of the Rakhigarhi Harappan Civilization, which of the following statements are correct?
- Statement 1: It is one of the largest Harappan settlements excavated in India.
- Statement 2: Archaeological evidence suggests the presence of a well-developed drainage system at Rakhigarhi.
- Statement 3: The Indus script has been deciphered entirely based on findings at Rakhigarhi.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All three
- None
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: b
Q5. Consider the following statements:
- Statement – I: Marsupials are not naturally found in India.
- Statement – II: Marsupials can thrive only in montane grasslands with no predators.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
- Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
- Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
- Statement-1 is correct Statement-II is incorrect
- Statement-1 is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: c
Click on the link for the video explanation of the above questions and answers.
I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
- Evaluate the effectiveness of India’s foreign policy strategy in promoting its global standing and addressing pressing international issues. Provide examples and analyse the implications of India’s decisions on its diplomatic engagements and relationships with key global stakeholders. (10 Marks 150 words) (General Studies – II, International Relations)​
- Discuss the factors contributing to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and its implications for public health, agriculture, and the environment. (10 Marks 150 words) (General Studies – III, Science and Technology)​
Read previous CNA articles here.
Comments