NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11: The Human Eye and Colourful World

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11 – CBSE Free PDF Download

*According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 10.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colourful World is a beneficial solution guide designed with the intention of clearing concepts and doubts faced by students. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science provides brief concepts in a student-friendly way and is loaded with questions, activities and exercises that are exam and competitive exam-oriented. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science is the contribution by the teaching faculty having vast teaching experience. NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions make sure that the answers are unambiguous and are easily understood in a single go. It is developed keeping in mind the concept-based approach, along with the precise answering method for CBSE examinations. Refer NCERT Solutions for Class 10 for the best score in CBSE and competitive exams. It is made available in both web and PDF formats for ease of access.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11 – Summary:

• The ability of the eye to focus on both near and distant objects, by adjusting its focal length, is called the accommodation of the eye.
• The smallest distance, at which the eye can see objects clearly without strain, is called the near point of the eye or the least distance of distinct vision. For a young adult with normal vision, it is about 25 cm.
• The common refractive defects of vision include myopia, hypermetropia and presbyopia. Myopia (short-sightedness – the image of distant objects is focused before the retina) is corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power.
• Hypermetropia (far-sightedness – the image of nearby objects is focused beyond the retina) is corrected by using a convex lens of suitable power. The eye loses its power of accommodation at old age.
• The splitting of white light into its component colours is called dispersion.
• Scattering of light causes the blue colour of sky and the reddening of the Sun at sunrise and sunset.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Chapter 11: The Human Eye and Colourful World

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Page No: 190

1. What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye?

Answer-

The ability of the lens of the eye to adjust its focal length to clearly focus rays coming from distant as well from a near objects on the retina, is known as the power of accommodation of the eye.

2. A person with a myopic eye cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m distinctly. What should be the type of corrective lens used to restore proper vision?

Answer-

An individual with a myopic eye should use a concave lens of focal length 1.2 m so that he or she can restore proper vision.

3. What is the far point and near point of the human eye with normal vision?

Answer-

The minimum distance of the object from the eye, which can be seen distinctly without strain is called the near point of the eye. For a normal person’s eye, this distance is 25 cm.

The far point of the eye is the maximum distance to which the eye can see objects clearly. The far point of a normal person’s eye is infinity.

4. A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row. What could be the defect the child is suffering from? How can it be corrected?

Answer-

The student is suffering from short-sightedness or myopia. Myopia can be corrected by the use of concave or diverging lens of an appropriate power.

Page No: 197

Exercise

1. The human eye can focus objects at different distances by adjusting the focal length of the eye lens. This is due to

(a) presbyopia

(b) accommodation

(c) near-sightedness

(d) far-sightedness

Answer-

(b) accommodation

Due to accommodation the human eye can focus objects at different distances by adjusting the focal length of the eye lens.

Page No: 198

2. The human eye forms an image of an object at its

(a) cornea

(b) iris

(c) pupil

(d) retina

Answer –

(d) retina

The retina is the layer of nerve cells lining the back wall inside the eye. This layer senses light and sends signals to the brain so you can see.

3. The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision is about

(a) 25 m

(b) 2.5 cm

(c) 25 cm

(d) 2.5 m

Answer –

(c) 25 cm

25 cm is the least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision.

4. The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of the

(a) pupil

(b) retina

(c) ciliary muscles

(d) iris

Answer-

(c) ciliary muscles

The action of the ciliary muscles changes the focal length of an eye lens

5. A person needs a lens of power -5.5 dioptres for correcting his distant vision. For correcting his near vision he needs a lens of power +1.5 dioptre. What is the focal length of the lens required for correcting (i) distant vision, and (ii) near vision?

Answer-

The power (P) of a lens of focal length f is given by the relation

Power (P) = 1/f

(i) Power of the lens (used for correcting distant vision) = – 5.5 D

Focal length of the lens (f) = 1/P

f = 1/-5.5

f = -0.181 m

The focal length of the lens (for correcting distant vision) is – 0.181 m.

(ii) Power of the lens (used for correcting near vision) = +1.5 D

Focal length of the required lens (f) = 1/P

f = 1/1.5 = +0.667 m

The focal length of the lens (for correcting near vision) is 0.667 m.

6. The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem?

Answer-

The individual is suffering from myopia. In this defect, the image is formed in front of the retina. Therefore, a concave lens is used to correct this defect of vision.

Object distance (u) = infinity = ∞

Image distance (v) = – 80 cm

Focal length = f

According to the lens formula,

A concave lens of power – 1.25 D is required by the individual to correct his defect.

7. Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected. The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 1 m. What is the power of the lens required to correct this defect? Assume that the near point of the normal eye is 25 cm.

Answer-

An individual suffering from hypermetropia can see distinct objects clearly but he or she will face difficulty in clearly seeing objects nearby. This happens because the eye lens focuses the incoming divergent rays beyond the retina. This is corrected by using a convex lens. A convex lens of a suitable power converges the incoming light in such a way that the image is formed on the retina, as shown in the following figure.

The convex lens creates a virtual image of a nearby object (N’ in the above figure) at the near point of vision (N) of the individual suffering from hypermetropia.

The given individual will be able to clearly see the object kept at 25 cm (near point of the normal eye), if the image of the object is formed at his near point, which is given as 1 m.

Object distance, u= – 25 cm

Image distance, v= – 1 m = – 100 m

Focal length, f

Using the lens formula,

A convex lens of power +3.0 D is required to correct the defect.

8. Why is a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm?

Answer-

A normal eye is not able to see the objects placed closer than 25 cm clearly because the ciliary muscles of the eyes are unable to contract beyond a certain limit.

9. What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye?

Answer-

The image is formed on the retina even on increasing the distance of an object from the eye. The eye lens becomes thinner and its focal length increases as the object is moved away from the eye.

10. Why do stars twinkle?

Answer-

The twinkling of a star is due to atmospheric refraction of starlight. The starlight, on entering the earth’s atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously before it reaches the earth. The atmospheric refraction occurs in a medium of gradually changing refractive index.

11. Explain why the planets do not twinkle.

Answer-

Unlike stars, planets don’t twinkle. Stars are so distant that they appear as pinpoints of light in the night sky, even when viewed through a telescope. Since all the light is coming from a single point, its path is highly susceptible to atmospheric interference (i.e. their light is easily diffracted).

12. Why does the Sun appear reddish early in the morning?

Answer-

White light coming from the sun has to travel more distance in the atmosphere before reaching the observer. During this, the scattering of all coloured lights except the light corresponding to red colour takes place and so, only the red coloured light reaches the observer. Therefore, the sun appears reddish at sunrise and sunset.

13. Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an astronaut?

Answer-

The sky appears dark instead of blue to an astronaut, as scattering of light does not take place outside the earth’s atmosphere.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11: The Human Eye and Colourful World

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 11 describes the fine structure of the human eye. It explains the reason behind the colour of the sun during the time of sunrise and sunset. It explains the accommodation of the eye concept. Various defects that occur to the eye like refractive defects of vision which include hypermetropia, myopia, and presbyopia are discussed in NCERT Solutions. It describes the near point of the eye or the least distance of distinct vision. Topics included in this chapter are:

11.1 The Human eye (4 questions)

The topic discusses the importance of the Human Eye, its structure and how it functions. The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs. Of all the sense organs, the human eye is the most significant one as it enables us to see the beautiful, colourful world around us. The topic also explains the power of accommodation where it talks about the eye lens.

11.2 Defects of Vision and their Correction

The topic talks about defects of vision and their correction. There are mainly three common refractive defects of the eye. These are myopia or near-sightedness, hypermetropia or far-sightedness and Presbyopia. These defects can be corrected by the use of suitable spherical lenses. 

11.3 Refraction of Light Through a Prism

You have learnt how the light gets refracted through a rectangular glass slab. For parallel refracting surfaces, as in a glass slab, the emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray. However, it is slightly displaced laterally. In this topic, you will get to learn how lights get refracted through a triangular glass prism by performing an activity.

11.4 Dispersion of White Light by a Glass Prism

You must have seen and appreciated the spectacular colours in a rainbow. In this topic, you will get to know how a rainbow occurs by performing an activity related to the refraction of light through a prism. It will help you know the reason behind the dispersion of white light by a glass prism.

11.5 Atmospheric Refraction

The topic discusses Atmospheric Refraction and how it is related to the twinkling of stars and advanced sunrise, and delayed sunset. The twinkling of a star is due to the atmospheric refraction of starlight.

11.6 Scattering of Light

In the previous class, you have learnt about the scattering of light by colloidal particles. The path of a beam of light passing through a true solution is not visible. However, its path becomes visible through a colloidal solution where the size of the particles is relatively larger. The topic further discusses the Tyndall Effect – why the colour of the clear sky is blue, and the colour of the Sun at sunrise and sunset.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11: The Human Eye and Colourful World

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 explains the detailed structure of the human eye.
• Explains the various defects that happen to humans and also describes the ways to correct it.
• The dispersion of light concept is made understandable in a simple way.
• It also explains the reason for the sky being blue, along with the colour of the sun at sunset and sunrise events.

Key features of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11: The Human Eye and Colourful World

• The simple and easily understandable approach is followed in NCERT Solutions to make students aware of topics.
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 offers detailed answers to all the questions to help students in their preparations.
• It is useful for successfully clearing the CBSE exams with flying colours and is also the best guide for Science Olympiads and other competitive exams.
• Provides completely solved solutions to all the questions present in the respective NCERT textbooks.