Flashcards For NEET Biology - Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Used to develop pure lines

Increases homozygosity

Inbreeding depression- reduction in fertility and productivity due to continued inbreeding

E.g. out-crossing, cross-breeding, interspecific hybridisation

Helps in overcoming inbreeding depression

Allows combination of desirable traits from two breeds

E.g. Hisardale, cross-breeding variety of Bikaneri ewes and Merino rams

E.g. Mule, a hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse

M. S. Swaminathan- founder in India

Adopting modern practices in agriculture to get high yield by using fertilisers, pesticides, high yielding and disease-resistant varieties, etc.

Himgiri- resistant to leaf and stripe rust, hill bunt

Jaya and Ratna developed in India

Pusa shubhra, Pusa snowball K-1– Cauliflower resistant to curl blight black rot

Pusa komal– cowpea resistant to bacterial blight

Pusa sadabahar– chilli resistant to leaf curl and TMV

Prabhani kranti– resistant to yellow mosaic virus

E.g. Mung resistant to powdery mildew and yellow mosaic virus

Pusa Sem-2 & 3- Flat bean variety resistant to fruit borer, aphids and jassids

Pusa Sawani, Pusa A-4– Okra variety resistant to shoot and fruit borer

Atlas 66- wheat variety with high protein content

Maize with high lysine and tryptophan content

Rice with five times more iron content

Algae- Spirulina, Chlorella

Bacteria- Methylophilus methylotrophus

Fungi- Saccharomyces, Fusarium