NCERT Notes: Mountbatten Plan - Indian Independence Act 1947 [Modern Indian History For UPSC]

Lord Mountbatten (India’s last viceroy) proposed a plan in May 1947 according to which provinces were to be declared independent successor states with the power to choose whether to join the constituent assembly or not.

It is an important topic from UPSC GS-I’s view. This article will provide you with NCERT notes on Mountbatten Plan for the UPSC Civil Services Exam preparation. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like banking PO, SSC, state civil services exams and so on.

Mountbatten Plan (UPSC Notes):- Download PDF Here

Mountbatten Plan Background

• Lord Mountbatten came to India as the last Viceroy and was assigned the task of a speedy transfer of power by the then British Prime Minister Clement Atlee.
• In May 1947, Mountbatten came up with a plan under which he proposed that the provinces be declared independent successor states and then be allowed to choose whether to join the constituent assembly or not. This plan was called the ‘Dickie Bird Plan’.
• Jawaharlal Nehru (Born on November 14, 1889) when apprised of the plan, vehemently opposed it saying it would lead to Balkanisation of the country. Hence, this plan was also called Plan Balkan.
• Then, the viceroy came up with another plan called the June 3 Plan. This plan was the last plan for Indian independence. It is also called the Mountbatten Plan.
• The June 3 Plan included the principles of partition, autonomy, sovereignty to both nations, right to make their own constitution.
• Above all, the Princely States such as Jammu and Kashmir were given a choice to either join India or Pakistan. The consequences of these choices would affect the new nations for decades to come.
• This plan was accepted by both the Congress and the Muslim League. By then, the Congress had also accepted the inevitability of the partition.
• This plan was put into action by the Indian Independence Act 1947 which was passed in the British Parliament and received the royal assent on 18 July 1947.

Provisions of the Mountbatten Plan

• British India was to be partitioned into two dominions – India and Pakistan.
• The constitution framed by the Constituent Assembly would not be applicable to the Muslim-majority areas (as these would become Pakistan). The question of a separate constituent assembly for the Muslim-majority areas would be decided by these provinces.
• As per the plan, the legislative assemblies of Bengal and Punjab met and voted for the partition. Accordingly, it was decided to partition these two provinces along religious lines.
• The legislative assembly of Sind would decide whether to join the Indian constituent assembly or not. It decided to go to Pakistan.
• A referendum was to be held on NWFP (North-Western Frontier Province) to decide which dominion to join. NWFP decided to join Pakistan while Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan boycotted and rejected the referendum.
• The date for the transfer of power was to be August 15, 1947.
• To fix the international boundaries between the two countries, the Boundary Commission was established chaired by Sir Cyril Radcliffe. The commission was to demarcate Bengal and Punjab into the two new countries.
• The princely states were given the choice to either remain independent or accede to India or Pakistan. The British suzerainty over these kingdoms was terminated.
• The British monarch would no longer use the title ‘Emperor of India’.
• After the dominions were created, the British Parliament could not enact any law in the territories of the new dominions.
• Until the time the new constitutions came into existence, the Governor-General would assent any law passed by the constituent assemblies of the dominions in His Majesty’s name. The Governor-General was made a constitutional head.

On the midnight of 14th and 15th August 1947, the dominions of Pakistan and India respectively came into existence. Lord Mountbatten was appointed the first Governor-General of independent India and M .A. Jinnah became the Governor-General of Pakistan.

Mountbatten Plan (UPSC Notes):- Download PDF Here

The table below lists a few important articles in continuation with the topic above as part of our series on NCERT Modern History of India notes for UPSC 2023.