04 Jan 2024 CNA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. GS 1 Related B. GS 2 Related C. GS 3 Related ECONOMY 1. The dispute on India’s debt burden SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1. The blood management system needs a fresh infusion 2. Anti-microbial resistance - 55% of patients given antibiotics only as a preventive measure, says survey D. GS 4 Related E. Editorials SECURITY 1. Understanding the peace pact with ULFA SOCIAL ISSUES 1. Why is upskilling necessary for rural youth? F. Prelims Facts 1. SpaceX’s FalconÂ9 to launch India’s GSATÂ20; satellite to spread broadband coverage 2. Dec. manufacturing slows to 18-Âmonth low, PMI survey shows 3. The CO2 level in a planet’s atmosphere could indicate habitability G. Tidbits H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
A. GS 1 Related
Nothing here for today!!!
B. GS 2 Related
Nothing here for today!!!
C. GS 3 Related
1. The dispute on India’s debt burden
Syllabus: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.
Mains: What impact will the long-term sustainability of India’s debts have on the country’s growth?
Context: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has recently expressed concerns about the long-term sustainability of India’s debts.
Key findings:
- The IMF is concerned that India’s government debt could reach 100% of GDP by 2028 under certain circumstances. This could be due to the need for significant investment in climate change mitigation and resilience.
- The IMF suggests that India needs to find new and concessional sources of financing, as well as increase private sector investment and implement carbon pricing.
- High debt levels can hinder development by limiting access to financing, raising borrowing costs, and causing currency devaluations.
- Developing countries like India face a higher burden of debt compared to developed countries due to higher interest rates.
- Despite being the fastest-growing major economy, India’s credit rating has remained unchanged at ‘BBB-‘ since 2006, primarily attributed to weak fiscal performance and burdensome debt.Â
- India’s public debt-to-GDP ratio is higher than the targets set by the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act.
- There are concerns about fiscal slippage in FY24 due to higher expenditure on subsidies and employment guarantee schemes.
According to the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, debt to GDP targets for the Centre, States and their combined accounts at 40%, 20% and 60%, respectively. The Union government’s debt was ₹155.6 trillion, or 57.1% of GDP, at the end of March 2023 and the debt of State governments was about 28% of GDP. |
Issues:
- Managing public debt effectively
- Enhancing credit ratings
- Sticking to the fiscal correction path, especially in an election year
Way Forward
The way forward for India involves a multi-faceted approach to address the challenges highlighted in the article. Here are some key considerations:
- Prudent Debt Management:
- Implement measures for prudent debt management to ensure the long-term sustainability of India’s debts.
- Explore concessional sources of financing and encourage private sector investment.
- Develop and implement carbon pricing mechanisms to support climate change mitigation efforts.
- Enhancing Credit Ratings:
- Focus on improving fiscal performance to enhance India’s credit ratings.
- Work on reducing the debt-to-GDP ratio to align with the targets specified by the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act.
- Strengthen economic fundamentals and address concerns raised by rating agencies regarding weak fiscal performance and low per capita income.
- Fiscal Responsibility:
- Exercise caution in managing fiscal policies, especially during election years, to avoid fiscal slippage.
- Prioritize efficient and targeted spending to prevent unnecessary strain on public finances.
- Transparent Reporting:
- Maintain transparency in reporting government finances, ensuring accurate and timely disclosure of fiscal information.
- Address any concerns or discrepancies raised by international organizations to build credibility in financial reporting.
- Diversification of Funding Sources:
- Explore diverse funding sources beyond traditional borrowing to reduce reliance on debt.
- Encourage investments in key sectors, fostering economic growth and reducing the need for excessive borrowing.
- Social Welfare Programs:
- Evaluate the efficiency of social welfare programs, such as employment guarantee schemes and subsidies, to ensure they are cost-effective and contribute to sustainable development.
- Economic Reforms:
- Continue with economic reforms that promote inclusive growth, job creation, and improved livelihoods.
- Address structural issues that may hinder economic progress, contributing to a more favourable environment for investment.
- International Collaboration:
- Collaborate with international organizations, such as the IMF, to explore potential solutions and best practices for managing debt and promoting economic stability.
- Leverage global partnerships for financial assistance and expertise in addressing specific challenges.
- Climate Change Mitigation:
- Develop comprehensive strategies for achieving climate change mitigation targets, ensuring alignment with sustainable development goals.
- Seek international support and funding for climate-related initiatives.
By addressing these aspects, India can work towards ensuring fiscal sustainability, enhancing creditworthiness, and fostering economic resilience in the face of global challenges.
Nut Gruf: The IMF expresses concerns about India’s long-term debt sustainability and reclassifies its exchange rate regime. The challenges include managing public debt, improving credit ratings, and navigating fiscal concerns, particularly in an election year, to avoid worst-case scenarios. The article emphasizes prudent debt management, transparent reporting, and a diversified approach to funding for economic stability.
Category: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. The blood management system needs a fresh infusion
Syllabus: Science and Technology – developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and development of new technology.
Mains: India’s Health Infrastructure – Public-Private Partnership in Health Sector
Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted global health disparities, prompting a call for improved international health structures. The article emphasizes the significance of prioritizing access to blood and its products for building a resilient global health architecture.
Issues:Â
- The World Health Organization (WHO) reports global disparities in blood collection, with certain regions, particularly in Africa and low-income countries, facing significant shortages.
- Despite progress, India still grapples with a chronic shortage of blood units, impacting crucial healthcare services and putting lives at risk.
- Inefficient blood management contributes to wastage, with millions of blood units discarded due to expiration or contamination over a three-year period.
Significance:
- Blood plays a crucial role in medical scenarios such as surgeries, emergency procedures, and treatment for conditions like cancer and thalassemia.
- Addressing blood shortages is essential for the functioning of healthcare systems and can significantly contribute to saving lives, impacting accident victims, heart surgeries, and bone marrow transplants.
- Public-private partnerships and innovative models, like the hub-and-spoke approach, can enhance blood availability and distribution, particularly in resource-constrained settings.
Way Forward:
- Establish robust public-private partnerships to introduce innovative blood collection and distribution models, addressing existing challenges.
- Implement the hub-and-spoke model to optimize blood utilization, streamline distribution, and improve accessibility, especially in geographically challenging areas.
- Dispel myths and misinformation around voluntary blood donation through targeted awareness campaigns, leveraging social media and creative tools.
- Encourage proactive industry engagement and citizen participation to strengthen the overall blood management ecosystem.
Nut Gruf: Prioritizing access to blood and its products is fundamental for building a resilient global health architecture. Addressing global disparities, implementing innovative models, dispelling myths, and fostering collaboration are crucial steps to strengthen the blood management system, ensuring its effectiveness in saving lives and supporting healthcare needs.
Syllabus: Science and Technology – developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and development of new technology.
Mains: Issues relating to the development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health
Context: A Health Ministry survey reveals that 55% of nearly 10,000 patients were given antibiotics as a preventive measure rather than for treatment, raising concerns about the growing resistance to antibiotics. The survey, conducted by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) at 20 tertiary-care institutes across 15 States and two Union Territories, took place between November 2021 and April 2022.
What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)?
Antimicrobials – including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics – are medicines used to prevent and treat infectious diseases in humans, animals and plants.
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites no longer respond to antimicrobial medicines. As a result of drug resistance, antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines become ineffective and infections become difficult or impossible to treat, increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness, disability and death.
AMR is a natural process that happens over time through genetic changes in pathogens. Its emergence and spread are accelerated by human activity, mainly the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials to treat, prevent or control infections in humans, animals and plants.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the top ten public health threats according to WHO.Â
Learn more about Antimicrobial Resistance in the linked article.Â
Issues:
- Preventive Antibiotic Use: Over half of the surveyed patients received antibiotics for prevention rather than treatment, contributing to concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
- Lack of Confirmatory Diagnosis: 94% of patients were prescribed antibiotics before a definitive medical diagnosis of the infection’s cause, leading to empirical therapy based on the doctor’s clinical experience.
- Wide Variations in Prescription Practices: The survey reveals significant variations between hospitals, with antibiotics prescribed to 37-100% of patients.
- Inappropriate Antibiotic Classes: A significant portion of antibiotic prescriptions falls under the Watch group, prone to antibiotic resistance, while only 2% are from the Reserve group, classified as a last resort.
Significance:
- Global Health Threat: The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies AMR as a major threat to public health, and excessive and inappropriate antibiotic use is a key driver of resistance.
- Limited Data on Antibiotic Prescribing: The survey highlights the challenge of limited information on how antibiotics are prescribed and used at the patient level in India.
- Concerns About Antibiotic Resistance: The high use of antibiotics from the Watch group raises concerns about the potential development of antibiotic resistance.
The National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) is the nodal agency for India’s national programme on AMR containment, of which one of the key components is the surveillance of antibiotic usage. The institute is under the administrative control of the Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. |
India’s effort:
India launched the National Programme on AMR Containment in 2013 and the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in 2017. One of the strategic priorities has been to optimise the use of antimicrobials. To achieve this objective, the National Centre for Disease Control coordinates antibiotic surveillance through the National Antimicrobial Consumption Network (NAC-NET) comprising 35 tertiary healthcare institutions.Â
Way Forward:
- Global Point Prevalence Surveys: Adopt global point prevalence survey methodology to understand and monitor antibiotic prescribing patterns in hospitals over time.
- National Antibiotic Consumption Network (NAC-NET): Strengthen the surveillance of antibiotic usage through the NCDC’s NAC-NET to compile data on antibiotic consumption and identify areas of concern.
- Education and Awareness: Launch targeted awareness campaigns to educate healthcare professionals and the public about appropriate antibiotic use, emphasizing the risks of resistance.
- Guidelines and Regulations: Develop and implement guidelines and regulations to ensure the judicious use of antibiotics, particularly addressing preventive prescriptions.
- Regular Monitoring and Feedback: Establish a systematic monitoring and feedback mechanism for hospitals to track and improve antibiotic prescribing practices.
Nut Gruf: The survey underscores the prevalence of preventive antibiotic use, lack of confirmatory diagnosis, and wide variations in prescription practices, contributing to concerns about antibiotic resistance. The need for global surveys strengthened by national networks, education, guidelines, and monitoring emerges as essential for addressing the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance and preserving the efficacy of antibiotics.
D. GS 4 Related
Nothing here for today!!!
E. Editorials
1. Understanding the peace pact with ULFA
Syllabus: GS-3, Role of state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security
Mains: The peace pact with ULFA
Context:​ The United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) has been a prominent insurgent group in Assam, born out of the Assam Agitation in 1979. The pro-talks faction recently signed a peace deal with the Centre and the Assam government on December 29, 2023. However, challenges persist with the anti-talks faction led by Paresh Baruah, raising concerns about lasting peace in the region.
Formation of ULFA
- The ULFA emerged as a response to the Assam Agitation, expressing concerns about the potential displacement of indigenous communities by “illegal immigrants” from Bangladesh.Â
- Formed on April 7, 1979, the group, led by radicals like Arabinda Rajkhowa, Anup Chetia, and Paresh Baruah, aimed to establish a sovereign Assam.Â
- The organization underwent training in Myanmar, China, and Pakistan before engaging in armed struggle, marked by abductions and executions.
India’s Response
- In 1990, the government launched Operation Bajrang, officially banning ULFA and declaring Assam a disturbed area under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act.
- Counter-insurgency operations led to the arrest of numerous ULFA members in the early 1990s. Despite setbacks, ULFA persisted with support from external terror groups and intelligence agencies.
Peace Process Initiation
- Efforts towards peace began with the formation of an 11-member People’s Consultative Group in 2005. However, the group’s commitment wavered, leading to renewed violence.
- The Rajkhowa-led faction eventually signed a ceasefire agreement with the Centre in September 2011.Â
- Paresh Baruah, opposed to talks, expelled Rajkhowa in 2012, leading to the formation of the anti-talks ULFA (Independent) in April 2013.
Issues
- Factional Divide
- The pro-talks faction signed a peace accord in 2023, focusing on renouncing violence, disarmament, and participation in democratic processes.Â
- However, the anti-talks faction, led by Paresh Baruah, remains a significant challenge, operating from hideouts in Myanmar’s Sagaing Division.
- Sovereignty Concerns
- Baruah insists that talks must address the sovereignty of Assam, making negotiations challenging.Â
- The government emphasizes that secession is not a desire in Assam, but convincing Baruah to engage in meaningful negotiations remains a hurdle.
Significance
- Comprehensive Peace Accord
- The peace accord outlines a comprehensive plan for the development of Assam, addressing political demands and ensuring territorial integrity. It offers a significant investment of ₹1.5 lakh crore and legislative safeguards to protect indigenous communities.
- Potential for Lasting Peace
- The accord, if effectively implemented, could signify a major step towards peace in Assam. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma claimed a 90% reduction in extremism post-accord.
Solution:
- Dialogue with Anti-Talks Faction
- Efforts must be intensified to engage Paresh Baruah and the ULFA (I) group in meaningful dialogue. Addressing sovereignty concerns without compromising the unity of the nation is crucial for successful negotiations.
- Implementation of Accord
- The government needs to demonstrate commitment to implementing the clauses of the accord, ensuring development, safeguarding indigenous rights, and resolving boundary disputes.
Also read: Assam Accord
Nut Graf: The peace pact with ULFA represents a significant development in the quest for peace in Assam. However, challenges persist with the anti-talks faction, and sustained efforts, both in dialogue and implementation, are essential to achieve lasting stability in the region.
1. Why is upskilling necessary for rural youth?
Syllabus: GS-1, Issues relating to the development and management of Social Sector/Services
Mains: Importance of upskilling rural youth
Context:​ As India undergoes rapid urbanization, a significant portion of its youth expresses a preference for staying in rural areas. Acknowledging this choice is crucial, especially in the context of the agrarian crisis and the shift of farmers to non-farming jobs. This necessitates a focus on upskilling rural youth to make them employment-ready, contributing to both local economies and the prevention of mass migration.
Main Source of Rural Income
- Farming remains the primary source of income in rural areas, but an alarming trend sees farmers leaving agriculture for non-farming jobs. The National Sample Survey Office data highlights this shift, indicating an agrarian crisis. To address this, it is essential to make agriculture an appealing vocation while creating alternative employment opportunities.
Controlling Migration
- To prevent rural youth from migrating to urban areas for employment, vocational training must be provided, instilling relevant rural skills.Â
- Initiatives like the ‘Skills On Wheel’ by the Delhi government should be extended to rural areas, bringing upskilling opportunities to the doorsteps of students.
Current Vocational Education Landscape
- Existing vocational education opportunities, mainly through Industrial Training Institutes, lack placement prospects.Â
- Rural education’s limited focus on skill development is evident from the LSC Voices 2023 survey, revealing low enrollment in vocational courses. Infusing rural life skills into the education system is crucial to nurturing a capable and thriving generation.
Improving Education
- Effective rural education should blend technical and life skills, enhancing accessibility through formal education.Â
- Models from other developing economies, such as Mexico’s tele-schools and Bhutan’s well-being-infused curriculum, provide valuable insights. Tele-schools offer subject lessons and values, fostering higher access to value-based secondary education.
- Organizations like the NIIT Foundation and the Pratham Institute are actively working to provide upskilling opportunities in rural areas, offering courses in industry-specific skills and life skills.
E-learning for Skill Development
- Hybrid life skilling programs, delivered through e-learning platforms, can revolutionize skill acquisition in rural India.Â
- Targeting fields like agricultural mechanization, pollution monitoring, nursing, and digital technologies, these programs enhance employability in both traditional and non-traditional trades, fostering a vibrant rural economy.
Significance
- Local Economic Development
- Upskilling rural youth contributes to local economic development, providing a skilled workforce for diverse sectors, including agriculture and emerging industries.
- Preventing Mass Migration
- By offering employment opportunities within rural areas, upskilling programs play a crucial role in preventing mass migration, and ensuring the sustainable development of rural communities.
Way forward
- Expand Vocational Training Initiatives
- Governments and NGOs should expand vocational training initiatives, making them more accessible to rural youth. These initiatives should be tailored to address the specific needs of rural economies.
- Infuse Life Skills in Formal Education
- Rural education systems should incorporate life skills alongside technical education, preparing youth for challenges beyond the classroom and enhancing their overall employability.
Nut Graf: Uplifting the rural youth through upskilling is not just a necessity but a strategic investment in the sustainable development of rural communities. Governments, NGOs, and educational institutions must collaborate to create robust initiatives that empower the rural youth, enabling them to contribute meaningfully to their local economies and shaping a more resilient and self-sufficient rural India.
F. Prelims Facts
1. SpaceX’s FalconÂ9 to launch India’s GSATÂ20; satellite to spread broadband coverage
Context: NewSpace India Ltd. (NSIL), the commercial arm of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), is set to launch GSAT-20 (renamed GSAT-N2) on SpaceX’s Falcon-9 rocket in the second quarter of 2024.
Issues:
- India faces disparities in broadband access, especially in remote areas.
- Reliance on foreign launch vehicles raises cost and dependence.
Significance:
- GSAT-20 aims to offer cost-effective Ka-Ka band HTS capacity, focusing on broadband, IFMC, and cellular backhaul services, with pan-India coverage, including remote regions and bridging the digital divide and boosting remote economies.
- Increased satellite ownership by NSIL enhances India’s space autonomy and reduces reliance on foreign providers.
- This launch marks a successful transition towards demand-driven satellite missions, catering to specific user needs.
Way Forward:
- Continued development and deployment of high-throughput satellites to cater to growing broadband demand.
- Further investment in domestic launch capabilities to reduce dependence on foreign providers.
- Promoting public-private partnerships to leverage industry expertise and accelerate space technology development.
SpaceX is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transportation services company founded in 2002 by Elon Musk. They are known for their innovative approach to space travel, focusing on reusability and affordability. Falcon 9 is a reusable, two-stage rocket designed and manufactured by SpaceX for the reliable and safe transport of people and payloads into Earth orbit and beyond. Falcon 9 is the world’s first orbital-class reusable rocket. Reusability allows SpaceX to refly the most expensive parts of the rocket, which in turn drives down the cost of space access. |
2. Dec. manufacturing slows to 18-Âmonth low, PMI survey shows
Context: India’s manufacturing activity in December 2023 declined to an 18-month low, according to the HSBC India Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), registering a reading of 54.9 compared to 56 in November. The PMI, indicating expansion with a reading above 50, revealed a slowdown in factory output and new orders, with international orders growing at the joint-slowest rate in eight months.
Key Findings:
- Production and new orders: Both slowed down, with new orders experiencing their weakest growth in a year and a half.
- International orders: Grew but at the slowest pace in eight months.
- Input costs: Increased at the second-slowest rate in nearly three and a half years.
- Output price inflation: Eased to a nine-month low.
- Employment: Largely stable, with minimal job creation.
- Business optimism: Future output expectations rose to their highest in three months.
Learn more about the PMI in the linked article.
What are its implications for the economy?
- The PMI is usually released at the start of the month, much before most of the official data on industrial output, manufacturing and GDP growth becomes available. It is, therefore, considered a good leading indicator of economic activity.Â
- Economists consider the manufacturing growth measured by the PMI as a good indicator of industrial output, for which official statistics are released later. Central banks of many countries also use the index to help make decisions on interest rates.
What does it mean for financial markets?
- The PMI also indicates corporate earnings and is closely watched by investors as well as the bond markets. A good reading enhances the attractiveness of an economy vis-a-vis another competing economy.
3. The CO2 level in a planet’s atmosphere could indicate habitability
Context: The article introduces a “habitability signature” based on carbon dioxide levels to assess habitability in planets. A lower CO2 amount relative to neighbouring planets indicates potential liquid water, enhancing our understanding of habitable conditions. Led by the University of Birmingham and MIT, the research provides practical insights into the search for extraterrestrial life.
What is the Habitability Signature and its significance?
The habitability signature, as proposed by the researchers in the article, is a practical method for detecting habitability on planets. It involves examining the carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in a planet’s atmosphere relative to its neighbouring planets. Specifically, a lower amount of CO2 compared to neighbouring planets suggests the potential presence of liquid water on that planet. This could imply the absorption of the gas by an ocean or isolation by biomass on a planetary scale.
Significance:
- Detection of Liquid Water: The habitability signature provides a way to identify planets with oceans or other mechanisms capable of absorbing CO2, making them more likely to support liquid water – a crucial factor for habitability.
- Insights into Habitable Zones: While previous studies have focused on identifying planets in the habitable zones of stars, this new approach offers a practical means to assess whether these planets indeed have liquid water, enhancing our understanding of habitability.
- Environmental Tipping Points: Examining CO2 levels on other planets can offer insights into Earth’s environmental tipping points. Understanding the carbon levels at these points can contribute to knowledge about potential conditions that could make a planet uninhabitable.
- Biosignature Potential: The habitability signature could serve as a biosignature, as living organisms also capture carbon dioxide. This adds dimension to the method, potentially aiding the search for extraterrestrial life.
G. Tidbits
Nothing here for today!!!
H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions
Q1. Consider the following statement:
- The recently launched ‘SMART 2.0’ program is to promote robust clinical studies in priority areas of Ayurveda with Ayurveda academic institutions across the country through mutual collaboration.
- It has been launched by the AYUSH ministry in collaboration with UNESCO.
Which of the statement(s) is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: a
Explanation: The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) along with the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM) has, on January 3, launched ‘SMART 2.0’. The recently launched ‘SMART 2.0’ program is to promote robust clinical studies in priority areas of Ayurveda with Ayurveda academic institutions across the country through mutual collaboration.
Q2. Recently, classical dancer and choreographer Vasanthalakshmi Narasimhachari was presented with?
- Nritya Kalanidhi Award
- Arjuna Award
- Sangeet Natak Academy Award
- Sahitya Academy Award
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: a
Explanation: Classical dancer and choreographer Vasanthalakshmi Narasimhachari was presented with the ‘Nritya Kalanidhi’ award at the 17th Dance Festival of The Music Academy.
Q3. Consider the following:
- India’s palm oil imports have steadily declined over the past two decades.
- Indonesia and Malaysia are the top producers of palm oil in the world.
Which of the statement(s) is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: b
Explanation: India is among the top importers of palm oil in the world. Indonesia and Malaysia account for 85% of global palm oil exports, and would be heavily impacted by the EU Deforestation-Free Regulation (EUDR), which prohibits imports into the EU of commodities sourced by clearing forests.
Q4. Consider the following:
- She published Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar.
- In her poem, Go, Get Education, she urges the oppressed communities to get an education and break free from the chains of oppression.
- She simultaneously campaigned against child marriage, while supporting widow remarriage.
The above statement refers to which of the following?
- Pandita Ramabai
- Ramabai Ranade
- Savitribai Phule
- Sarojini Naidu
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: c
Explanation: Savitribai Phule published Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar. In her poem, Go, Get Education, she urges the oppressed communities to get an education and break free from the chains of oppression. She simultaneously campaigned against child marriage, while supporting widow remarriage
Q5. With reference to 8th August 1942 in Indian history, which one of the following statements is correct?
- The Quit India Resolution was adopted by the AICC.
- The Viceroy’s Executive Council was expanded to include more Indians.
- The Congress ministries resigned in seven provinces.
- Cripps proposed an Indian Union with full Dominion status once the Second World War was over.
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: a
Explanation: On August 8, 1942, the Quit India Resolution was passed at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee (AICC). On the same day, Mahatma Gandhi urged Indians to act as a free nation and follow non-violent civil disobedience. This took place in August Kranti Maidan.
I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
- Discuss the issue of rising debt levels in developing nations. Elaborate upon the debt levels in India and the issues associated with rising debt. (250 words, 15 marks) (General Studies – III, Economy)​
- What is Antimicrobial resistance? Discuss the causes and the impact of it in the developing world. (150 words, 10 marks) (General Studies – III, Science and Technology)​
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