28 May 2023: UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis

CNA 28 May 2023:- Download PDF Here

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. GS 1 Related
B. GS 2 Related
HEALTH
1. Rights groups demand questions on disability should remain in NFHS-6
2. Iron fortification: health risks of excessive iron intake
C. GS 3 Related
D. GS 4 Related
E. Editorials
ENVIRONMENT
1. Why are cheetah cubs dying in Kuno reserve?
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. Will AI tools help detect telecom fraud?
F. Prelims Facts
1. New Parliament’s Architecture & Sengol sceptre
2. Governing Council of NITI Aayog
3. Iraq unveils $17-bn project linking Europe, West Asia
G. Tidbits
1. Telangana’s gongadi shawls refashioned into shoes
2. Ukrainian drones attack Russian oil pipeline stations
H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions
I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
FIP Magazine

2. Iron fortification: health risks of excessive iron intake

Syllabus: Issues related to Health.

Mains: Iron Fortification.

Prelims: Iron fortification.

Details

  • Iron is important for many bodily functions. It is an essential mineral.
  • It is helpful for the formation of haemoglobin. However, it can be harmful if taken in excess.
  • The fortification of food with iron can help in the treatment of iron deficiency.
    • A food staple like wheat, rice, and salt is fortified to provide up to two-thirds (10 mg/day) of the iron requirement of adult women, and the entire daily requirement of men.
  • The ‘tolerable upper limit’ of salt intake is 40 mg/day. Beyond this limit, the risk of adverse events begins to increase. For example, it can severely impact patients with thalassemia.
  • Only 5-10% of the ingested iron is absorbed, while the rest is excreted.
Iron fortification concerns

Image source: The Hindu

Way Ahead:

  • Instead of mandatory iron fortification programmes, it is important to develop individualized strategies. 
  • Iron levels should be thoroughly monitored to detect any adverse events at the earliest.

Nut Graf: A recent study has found the harmful effects of iron fortification. It is suggested that instead of compulsory iron fortification, an individualized approach should be followed. 

2. Governing Council of NITI Aayog

Syllabus: GS 2- Polity.

Prelims: Governing council of NITI Aayog.

  • Chief Ministers of various states did not attend the eighth NITI Aayog Governing Council meeting on 28th May 2023.
  • It is argued that the absence of the Chief Ministers might hinder the pace of development in those States.
  • It should be noted that governing council meetings provide an opportunity for the Centre and the States to identify key developmental issues and resolve them jointly.
  • It is highlighted that the Centre and the States can work together as Team India and achieve the vision of Viksit Bharat @ 2047 – Reaching the last mile.

3. Iraq unveils $17-bn project linking Europe, West Asia

Syllabus: GS 2- International Relations.

Prelims: Iraq project linking Europe and West Asia.

  • In order to transform itself into a regional transportation hub, Iraq presented an ambitious plan of developing road and rail infrastructure linking Europe with the Middle East.
  • It is a $17-billion project and is called “Route of Development”. It would stretch 1200 km from the northern border with Turkey to the Gulf in the south.
  • The project will serve as a pillar of a sustainable non-oil economy.
  • The estimated time of project completion is 3-5 years.
  • The development has begun at the commercial port of Al-Faw, where its capacity is being expanded.
  • The project will also comprise the construction of nearly 15 train stations along the route including the cities of Basra, Baghdad, and Mosul.

G. Tidbits

1. Telangana’s gongadi shawls refashioned into shoes

  • The wool of Deccani sheep has been handcrafted for generations into an all-weather shawl called a Gongadi in Telangana.
  • It is done by the Kuruma and Kuruba pastoral communities of the Deccan region.
  • Gongadi is a resilient fabric.
  • Three Ahemdabad-based entrepreneurs have repurposed the fabric into all-weather shoes for farmers.

2. Ukrainian drones attack Russian oil pipeline stations

  • Ukraine launched a series of drone attacks on oil pipeline installations in Russia including the Druzhba oil pipeline.
    • Notably, the Druzhba oil pipeline sends Western Siberian crude to Europe.
    • It is one of the world’s largest oil pipelines.
    • Druzhba has the potential to pump more than 2 million barrels per day.
  • Several media reports highlight that the frequency of Ukrainian drone attacks inside Russia has increased.
  • However, Ukraine has not acknowledged the launching of attacks.
  • The Druzhbha pipeline has become severely under-utilized as Europe reduced its dependency on Russian energy after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions

Q1. With respect to The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, which of the following 
statements is/are correct? (Level- Moderate)
  1. A “child” means a person who has not completed eighteen years of age.
  2. Under the 2006 Act, a person who is married before the minimum specified age may apply to annul the marriage. The petition must be filed within five years of attaining majority.

Options:

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both
  4. None
CHECK ANSWERS:-

Answer: d

Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is not correct: “Child” means a person if a male, has not completed twenty-one years of age, and if a female, has not completed eighteen years of age.
  • Statement 2 is not correct: According to the 2006 Act, a person who marries before reaching the required minimum age may seek to have the marriage annulled, but it should, and for that, the petition must be filed within 2 years of attaining a majority, i.e., at the age of 20.
Q2. Consider the following statements with respect to Hakki Pikki tribal 
community: (Level- Moderate)
  1. They are a semi-nomadic tribal group from Karnataka.
  2. The society is matriarchal, where the groom gives dowry to the bride’s family.
  3. Hakki Pikki tribe have been making arduous journeys to the African continent to sell herbal products.

How many of the above statements are correct? 

  1. Only one 
  2. Only two 
  3. All three 
  4. None
CHECK ANSWERS:-

Answer: c

Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is correct: Hakki Pikki are a semi-nomadic tribal group from Karnataka.
  • Statement 2 is correct: The society is matriarchal, where the groom gives dowry to the bride’s family.
  • Statement 3 is correct: Hakki Pikki tribe travel to African continents to sell herbal products.
Q3. Consider the following Pairs: (Level- Difficult)

              Exercise       Countries Involved

  1. Al-Mohed Al-Hind: India & Saudi Arabia
  2. DUSTLIK: India & Uzbekistan
  3. Ekatah: India & Maldives
  4. Zair-Al-Bahr:  India & UAE

How many pairs given above are correctly matched?

  1. Only one pair
  2. Only two pairs
  3. Only three pairs
  4. All four pairs
CHECK ANSWERS:-

Answer: c

Explanation: 

EXERCISE COUNTRIES INVOLVED
Al-Mohed Al-Hind India & Saudi Arabia
DUSTLIK India & Uzbekistan
Ekatah India & Maldives
Zair-Al-Bahr India & Qatar 
Q4. Which of the following statements with respect to Society for Worldwide Interbank 
Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT), is/are correct? (Level- Moderate)
  1. Belgium-headquartered SWIFT is a messaging network used by banks and financial institutions globally for quick and faultless exchange of information pertaining to financial transactions. 
  2. Each participant on the platform is assigned a unique eight-digit SWIFT code or a bank identification code (BIC). 
  3. It holds securities and money.

Options:

  1. 2 only
  2. 1 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 2 only
  4. None
CHECK ANSWERS:-

Answer: c

Explanation: 

Statement 1 is correct: SWIFT is the global messaging software and is headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. It is a global member-owned cooperative.  

Statement 2 is correct: Each participant on the platform is assigned a unique eight-digit SWIFT code or a bank identification code (BIC). 

Statement 3 is not correct: It does not hold securities and money. It allows financial entities to send and receive messages about financial transactions in a secure, standardized, and reliable environment.

Q5.  Which of the following provided a common factor for tribal insurrection in 
India in the 19th century? (Level- Easy)
  1. Introduction of a new system of land revenue and taxation- of tribal products
  2. Influence of foreign religious missionaries in tribal areas
  3. Rise of a large number of money lenders, traders and revenue farmers as middlemen in tribal areas
  4. The complete disruption of the old agrarian order of the tribal communities
CHECK ANSWERS:-

Answer: d

Explanation: The major factor for tribal insurrection in India was the complete disruption of the old agrarian order of the tribal communities.

CNA 28 May 2023:- Download PDF Here

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