Except for noble gases, no other elements occur independently. The attractive force by which atoms, ions and molecules are held together is known as a chemical bond. The atom has a tendency to gain stability by completing their octet. Oppositely charged ions are held together by an ionic bond. In a covalent bond electron pairs are shared. Molecules are held together by weak Van der Waal’s interaction in a crystalline structure.

1. C-O bond length is minimum in

(a) CO₂

(b) CO₃^2-

(c) HCOO^–

(d) CO

Answer: (d)

2. Molecules are held together in a crystal by

(a) hydrogen bond

(b) electrostatic attraction

(c) Van der Waal’s attraction

(d) dipole-dipole attraction

Answer: (c)

3. Sp³d² hybridization is present in [Co(NH₃)₆³⁺], find its geometry

(a) octahedral geometry

(b) square planar geometry

(c) tetragonal geometry

(d) tetrahedral geometry

Answer: (a)

4. Find the molecule with the maximum dipole moment

(a) CH₄

(b) NH₃

(c) CO₂

(d) NF₃

Answer: (b)

5. MX₆ is a molecule with octahedral geometry. How many X – M – X bonds are at 180°?

(a) four

(b) two

(c) three

(d) six

Answer: (c)

6. Find the pair with sp² hybridisation of the central molecule

(a) NH₃ and NO₂^–

(b) BF₃ and NH₂^–

(c) BF₃ and NO₂^–

(d) NH₂^– and H₂O

Answer: (c)

7. The formal charge and P-O bond order in PO₄^3- respectively are

(a) 0.6, -0.75

(b) -0.75, 1.25

(c) 1.0, -0.75

(d) 1.25, -3

Answer: (b)

8. Which of the molecules does not have a permanent dipole moment?

(a) SO₃

(b) SO₂

(c) H₂S

(d) CS₂

Answer: (d)

9. pℼ – dℼ bonding is present in which molecule

(a) SO₃^2-

(b) CO₃^2-

(c) NO₃^–

(d) BO₃^3-

Answer: (a)

10. Which one has a pyramidal shape?

(a) SO₃

(b) PCl₃

(c) CO₃^2-

(d) NO₃^–

Answer: (b)

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