Comprehensive List of Socio-Religious Movements, Political and Religious Ideologies

This article covers information on important socio-religious movements and their founders, important religious and political philosophies spread across the globe, ranging from ancient times to current century. These movements have played a pivotal role in shaping the world that we see today.

Aspirants would find this article very helpful while preparing for the IAS Exam.

List of Socio-Religious Movements, Political & Religious Philosophies – UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

Aspirants should begin their preparation by solving UPSC Previous Year Question Papers now!!

To complement your preparation for the upcoming exam, check the following links:

Table of Contents

1 Socio-Religious Movements/Organisations
2 Religious & Political Philosophies / Ideologies
3 International Organisations & Founders

Socio-Religious Movements/Organisations – Founders

Socio-religious movements played a pivotal role in changing and modernising old age practices which were discriminatory against particular groups, gender or section of society.

Below Table gives list of Socio-Religious Movement and their founders-

Brahmo Samaj Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Prarthana Samaj Dr Atmaram Panduran
Arya Samaj Swami Dayanand Sawaswati
Theosophical Society Madame H P Blavatsky & 

Col H S Olcott

Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekanand
Aligarh Movement Sir Syed Ahmed Khan & Others
Deoband Movement Muhammed Qasim Wanatavi & Rashid Ahmed Gangoli
Missionaries of Charity Mother Teresa
Home Rule Movement Annie Besant & Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
People’s Union for Civil Liberties and Democratic Rights Jaya Prakash Narayan
Chinmaya Mission Swami Chinmayananda
People’s Education Society Dr B.R.Ambedkar
Vishwa Bharti Rabindranath Tagore
Abhinav Bharat Veer Savarkar
Chipko Sunderlal Bahuguna
Narmada Bachao Medha Patkar
Servants of India Society G K Gokhale
Servants of People Society Lala Lajpat Rai
Satyasodhak Samaj Jyotiba Phule
Servants of God or Khudai Khidmatgar Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
Van Mahotsav K M Munshi
Bhoodan Movement Vinobha Bhave
Tattvabodhini Sabha Debendranath Tagore
Dadoba Pandurang Paramhansa Sabha
Seva Sadon Behramii M Malabari
Wahabi Movement Shah Walliulah
Ahmadiyya Movement Mirza Ghulam Ahmed
Self Respect Movement E V Ramaswami Naicker

Aspirants can go through the following links for detailed information and preparation-

Related Links
Raja Ram Mohan Roy – Social Reformer Prarthna Samaj
Arya Samaj – Dayanand Saraswati Ramakrishna Mission – Swami Vivekanand
Aligarh Movement – Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Home Rule Movement
Narmada Bachao Andolan Van Mahotsava

Religious & Political Philosophies/Ideologies

Political philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about state, liberty, government, justice, legal code etc. Religious philosophy is more concerned about nature and existence of Gods.

The below table gives list of Religious and Political Philosophies

Philosophy Founders /  Place of Origin
Vedic Philosophy India
Zoroastrianism Ancient Iran
Confucianism Confucius
Taoism Lao Tzu
Hellenistic Philosophy Ancient Greece
Platonism Plato
Modern Political Philosophy Machiavelli
Marxism Karl Marx
Fascism Italy
Nazism Germany
Liberalism John Locke

Candidates can check the given links for detailed information and assist their UPSC preparation-

Related Links
6 Orthodox Schools of Hindu Philosophy Vedic Literature
History of Zoroastrianism Difference between Marxism and Communism
Know the Definition, Tenets and Brief History of Fascism Difference between Nazism and Fascism
Liberalisation Types of Vedas 

International Movements/Organisations – Founders

Some of the most famous global movements which tried to bring in a positive change in society.

Below Table gives list of international organisations and their founders.

Amnesty International Peter Benenson
Lions Club Melvin Jones
Guides Lady Agnes Baden Powell
Scouts Baden Powell
Red Cross J H Dunant

Aspirants can go through the following links for detailed information and preparation-

Related Links
International Committee of The Red Cross Amnesty International

List of Socio-Religious Movements, Political & Religious Philosophies – UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

The above details would help candidates prepare for UPSC 2023.

Daily News

Frequently Asked Questions on Socio-Religious Movements, Political and Religious Ideologies

Q1

Q 1. What was the Chipko Movement?

Ans. The Chipko Movement, started by Sunderlal Bahuguna was a forest conservation movement in India. The movement originated in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, wherein, rural villagers, particularly women would embrace or hug trees to stop them from getting hacked.
Q2

Q 2. What was the Bhoodan Movement?

Ans. The Bhoodan movement, also known as the Bloodless Revolution, was a voluntary land reform movement in India and was initiated by Gandhian Acharya Vinoba Bhave.

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