26 Jul 2022: UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis

Quote for the day Set 5 11

CNA 26 July 2022:- Download PDF Here

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. GS 1 Related
B. GS 2 Related
POLITY
1. Droupadi Murmu is President of India
2. The latest guidelines on arrests and bail orders
C. GS 3 Related
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. The private sector boost in India’s space industry
D. GS 4 Related
E. Editorials
POLITY
1. Reform bail law, but make the right diagnosis first
ENVIRONMENT
1. Backsliding on climate action
F. Prelims Facts
1. Raja Ravi Varma
G. Tidbits
1. Only 4 states adopt model tenancy law
H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions
I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
FIP Magazine

2. The latest guidelines on arrests and bail orders

Syllabus: Indian Constitution-Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries

Mains: Reforms in criminal procedure laws 

Context: Recently, the Supreme Court of India in Satender Kumar Antil vs CBI laid down fresh guidelines on arrests in order to have strict compliance with the provisions of Section 41 and 41A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 in addition to the earlier guidelines laid down in the case of Arnesh Kumar vs State of Bihar, 2014.

  • The Supreme Court of India also urged the Union Government to bring a new law to simplify the process of bail, referring to the Bail Act of the United Kingdom.

What are Sections 41 and 41A of the Code of Criminal Procedure?

  • Section 41 of CrPC provides for the conditions in which an arrest can be made by the police without a warrant.
    • Reasons for the arrest must be recorded in writing for every non-arrest and arrest under this section.
  • Section 41A mandates that a notice be sent by the investigating agencies before making an arrest in certain conditions prescribed by CrPC. 

Read more on Guidelines issued by the Supreme court on Bail reforms in CNA dated July 17, 2022.

Nut Graf:

Comprehensive reforms should be made to the criminal laws in India with wider consultations to provide affordable and speedy justice to all and create a people-centric legal structure.

G. Tidbits

1. Only 4 states adopt model tenancy law

  • Only 4 states had revised their tenancy laws in line with the Model Tenancy Act (MTA) passed by the Union Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry in 2021.
  • The main objective of MTA is to balance the rights of landlords and tenants.

Read more on Model Tenancy Act.

H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions

Q1. Consider the following statements with respect to Lithium: (Level-Difficult)

  1. It is considered to be the lightest or the least dense metal on earth.
  2. It is highly reactive and flammable and must be stored in vacuum, inert atmosphere, or inert liquid such as purified kerosene or mineral oil.
  3. Lithium salts have proven to be useful as a mood stabilizer and antidepressant in the treatment of mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 and 3 only 
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
CHECK ANSWERS:-

Answer: d

Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is correct, Under standard conditions, Lithium is the least dense metal and the least dense solid element. 
  • Statement 2 is correct, Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly flammable and reactive, therefore it must be stored in vacuum, inert atmosphere, or inert liquid. Moist air corrodes the metal quickly.
  • Statement 3 is correct, Lithium is present in trace quantities in biological systems.
    • Certain Lithium salts are used as psychiatric medicines, primarily for bipolar disorder and other major depressive problems that do not improve following the use of common antidepressants. Lithium is taken orally.
Q2. With respect to the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016, 
which of the following statements is/are correct? (Level-Medium)
  1. Children below the age of 14 years will be allowed to work in occupations except for 18 occupations and 65 processes.
  2. Children below the age of 14 years will be allowed to work in Family Businesses/Enterprises only if they are non-hazardous.

Options:

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both
  4. None
CHECK ANSWERS:-

Answer: b

Explanation: 

  • Statement 1 is incorrect, 2016 Amendment prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 in all occupations and processes.
  • Statement 2 is correct, in order to protect the health and ensure children’s well-being, children could work in their family businesses only if it is safe for them. Earlier it was allowed for hazardous and non-hazardous work.

Read more on Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016.

Q3. Which of the following genetically modified (GM) crops has/have been approved for 
commercial cultivation in India? (Level- Easy)
  1. Brinjal
  2. Cotton
  3. Golden rice
  4. Soybean

Options:

  1. 1 and 3 only
  2. 2 only
  3. 1, 2 and 3 only
  4. 3 and 4 only
CHECK ANSWERS:-

Answer: b

Explanation: 

  • The Indian government has not approved any Genetically Modified (GM) food crop for commercial cultivation. Therefore, options 1, 3 and 4 are incorrect.
    • However, confined field trials have been allowed for at least 20 GM crops.
  • Option 2 is correct, Bt cotton is the only GM crop approved for commercial cultivation in India.
    • Bt Brinjal and HtBt Cotton and are already being grown commercially without any authorization despite a government ban.
Q4. Arrange the following islands from North to South: (Level: Difficult)
  1. Smith Island
  2. Long Island
  3. Havelock Island
  4. Rutland Island

Options:

  1. 1-2-3-4
  2. 2-3-4-1
  3. 3-4-1-2
  4. 4-1-2-3
CHECK ANSWERS:-

Answer: a

Explanation: 

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Image source: Go2andaman.com

Q5. With reference to the proposals of Cripps Mission, consider the following 
statements: (Level-Medium)
  1. The Constituent Assembly would have members nominated by the Provincial Assemblies as well as the Princely States.
  2. Any Province, which is not prepared to accept the new Constitution would have the right to sign a separate agreement with Britain regarding its future status. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2
CHECK ANSWERS:-

Answer: b

Explanation:

  • Statement 1 is incorrect, A Constituent Assembly would be formed to frame a new constitution for the country. This Assembly would have members elected by the provincial assemblies and also nominated by the princes.
  • Statement 2 is correct, Any province unwilling to join the Indian dominion could form a separate union and have a separate constitution.

CNA 26 July 2022:- Download PDF Here

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