23 March 2024 CNA
Download PDF Here
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. GS 1 Related B. GS 2 Related INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1. Russia, China veto U.S. bid on Gaza ‘ceasefire’ at UN Security Council C. GS 3 Related D. GS 4 Related E. Editorials INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1. Two wars, the consequences for America’s standing POLITY 1. The CAA, Muslim exclusion and the lens of the right F. Prelims Facts 1. India to double assistance to Bhutan to ₹10,000 crore over five years, says Modi 2. The Chinese coast guard tries to block Filipino vessels in the South China Sea 3. Simon Harris set to be Ireland’s youngest PM 4. Australia, Britain to build AUKUS subs 5. Real GDP growth may hit 8% this fiscal year, signals FinMin G. Tidbits H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
A. GS 1 Related
Nothing here for today!!!
B. GS 2 Related
Category: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. Russia, China veto U.S. bid on Gaza ‘ceasefire’ at UN Security Council
Syllabus: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s Interests
Mains: Russia, China and U.S relations
Context: Russia and China vetoed a U.S.-led draft resolution at the UN Security Council regarding a ceasefire in Gaza.
- The resolution, while condemning Hamas’s attack, did not explicitly demand an immediate end to Israel’s campaign in Gaza.
Issues
- Veto by Russia and China: Moscow and Beijing’s veto reflects their dissatisfaction with the draft resolution’s language and lack of pressure on Israel.
- U.S. Position: The U.S. proposed the resolution, seeking to address the conflict but faced opposition due to perceived bias towards Israel.
- Delicate Diplomacy: The draft resolution’s wording, aiming to balance interests, failed to garner consensus due to its ambiguity.
Significance
- International Stalemate: The vetoing of the resolution highlights the deadlock within the Security Council regarding the Gaza conflict.
- Diplomatic Fallout: The veto exacerbates tensions between major powers and complicates efforts to broker a ceasefire.
- Humanitarian Impact: Continued conflict in Gaza exacerbates the humanitarian crisis, with civilian casualties and infrastructure damage mounting.
Solutions
- Revised Resolution: Consideration of an alternative resolution with clearer language demanding an immediate ceasefire.
- Broader Diplomatic Engagement: Encourage multilateral efforts involving regional stakeholders to facilitate dialogue and de-escalation.
- Humanitarian Assistance: Prioritize humanitarian aid delivery to Gaza to alleviate suffering amidst the conflict.
Nut Graf: The vetoed resolution underscores the challenges of navigating diplomatic waters in addressing the Gaza conflict. Efforts must continue to bridge divides and pursue avenues for peaceful resolution, prioritizing the well-being of civilians caught in the crossfire. The international community’s response will shape the trajectory of the conflict and its implications for regional stability
C. GS 3 Related
Nothing here for today!!!
D. GS 4 Related
Nothing here for today!!!
E. Editorials
Category: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1. Two wars, the consequences for America’s standing
Syllabus: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests.
Mains: Effect of U.S. foreign policy on world relations
Context: Recent events, including statements from prominent figures like Chuck Schumer and interactions with former President Donald Trump, underscore the complex dynamics shaping U.S. foreign policy.
- The intertwining of global crises such as the Israel-Hamas conflict and the Ukraine war with domestic politics raises concerns about the future trajectory of U.S. involvement in these issues.
Issues:
U.S. and the Ukraine War:
- The U.S. has been a significant provider of military and civil aid to Ukraine, totalling $75 billion since February 2022.
- However, additional assistance worth $60 billion has been delayed in Congress, leaving Ukraine in a precarious position.
- Despite the U.S. desire to prevent a Russian victory, it faces challenges in providing further military support while navigating internal political divisions.
- The situation on the ground in Ukraine remains dire, with strategic setbacks and shortages exacerbating the conflict.
Israel and its Gaza Actions:
- The U.S. traditionally supports Israel, but recent criticisms from President Biden and others reflect shifting sentiments.
- Israeli actions in Gaza have drawn international condemnation, leading to concerns about the humanitarian impact and the lack of a sustainable political solution.
- Prime Minister Netanyahu’s motivations seem driven by political survival rather than a strategic vision for peace.
Significance:
- The outcomes of these conflicts hold implications for U.S. standing on the global stage, regardless of the winner of the upcoming presidential election.
- Changes in U.S. foreign policy could impact alliances and regional dynamics, with potential repercussions in Europe, the Indo-Pacific and beyond.
Solutions:
- Addressing the Ukraine war requires concerted international efforts to provide military and humanitarian support while seeking diplomatic solutions.
- In the Israel-Palestine conflict, promoting dialogue and advocating for a viable two-state solution is essential for long-term stability.
Nut Graf: The complex interplay between global crises and domestic politics underscores the challenges facing U.S. foreign policy. Regardless of electoral outcomes, addressing these issues requires strategic engagement, diplomatic efforts, and a commitment to upholding international norms and values.
Category: POLITY
1. The CAA, Muslim exclusion and the lens of the right
Syllabus: Constitutional Amendments and Significant Provisions
Mains: Issues with CAA 2019
Context: Union Home Minister Amit Shah’s recent remarks regarding the exclusion of Muslims from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh under the CAA 2019 have reignited debates surrounding the legislation.
Issues:
Partition and Its Complexity:
- The argument attributing responsibility for Partition to all Muslims is flawed, as the process was primarily driven by Muslim elites, influenced by various socio-political factors.
- Many Indian Muslims vehemently opposed Partition, opting to remain in India and contributing significantly to the nation’s development.
- The Hindu Right’s portrayal of Partition as the basis for Muslim exclusion overlooks the nuanced resistance against it and reflects a punitive approach towards Muslims.
Persecution and Religious Minorities:
- While religious minorities in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan face persecution, including Ahmadiyas and Shias, the argument that all Muslims are responsible for Partition is invalid.
- India’s secular governments’ failure to address religious persecution in neighbouring countries underscores the urgency of the issue.
- A comprehensive understanding of Partition’s aftermath reveals ongoing communal tensions and challenges faced by religious minorities across borders.
Significance:
- According to the article, the CAA’s exclusionary provisions and the broader Hindu Right’s agenda signal a shift towards de-Islamization in India, posing significant challenges to secularism and religious pluralism.
- Political responses, both from within the government and opposition, are crucial in shaping the trajectory of religious minorities’ rights and India’s secular fabric.
Solutions:
- Addressing the complexities of Partition history requires acknowledging diverse perspectives and promoting inclusive narratives that recognize the contributions of all communities.
- Effective responses to religious persecution demand proactive measures from both domestic and international actors, emphasizing human rights and humanitarian assistance.
Nut Graf: The discourse surrounding the CAA 2019 reflects broader socio-political tensions and ideological shifts in India. Upholding secular principles, safeguarding minority rights, and fostering inclusive dialogue are essential in navigating the complexities of religious identity and citizenship in a diverse society.
F. Prelims Facts
1. India to double assistance to Bhutan to ₹10,000 crore over five years, says Modi
Context: India pledges to double assistance to Bhutan to ₹10,000 crore over five years, from ₹5,000 crore in 2019-2024.
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the decision during his visit to Thimphu, Bhutan, where he was awarded Bhutan’s highest honour, the ‘Order of the Druk Gyalpo’.
Details:
- Historical Friendship: India and Bhutan share a long-standing friendship, marked by cooperation in various sectors.
- Economic Assistance: Bhutan requires financial aid for infrastructure development, connectivity, and other developmental projects.
- Strategic Relations: India’s support to Bhutan is crucial for both nations’ strategic interests in the region.
Significance
- Bilateral Ties: Strengthening assistance reflects the deepening of bilateral relations between India and Bhutan.
- Regional Stability: Enhanced cooperation fosters stability and security in the South Asian region.
- Developmental Impact: Increased aid will facilitate Bhutan’s economic growth, leading to social development and poverty alleviation.
Solutions
- Infrastructure Development: Focus on projects like the ‘Gelephu Mindfulness City’ to boost connectivity and trade.
- Connectivity: Initiatives such as new airports, rail links, and waterways navigation on the Brahmaputra will enhance connectivity.
- Trade Infrastructure: Integrated checkposts will streamline trade operations and promote economic exchange
2. The Chinese coast guard tries to block Filipino vessels in the South China Sea
Context: The Chinese Coast Guard attempted to block Filipino vessels in the disputed South China Sea, raising tensions in the region.
- The incident occurred as Philippine government vessels, carrying scientists, sought to conduct research at sandbars in the area.
Issues
- Territorial Disputes: The South China Sea is subject to overlapping territorial claims by China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Brunei.
- Escalating Tensions: Recent confrontations, including attempted blockades and minor collisions, highlight the increasing hostility between China and the Philippines.
- Strategic Significance: The South China Sea is a vital waterway for international trade and commerce, heightening the stakes of territorial disputes.
Significance
- Regional Stability: Heightened tensions in the South China Sea pose a risk of destabilizing the region, potentially drawing in major powers like China and the United States.
- International Relations: The dispute underscores broader geopolitical rivalries and the struggle for influence in the Asia-Pacific region.
- Legal Implications: The incident raises questions about adherence to international law and norms governing maritime disputes.
Solutions
- Diplomatic Dialogue: Encourage peaceful negotiations and dialogue among claimant states to address territorial disputes and prevent further escalation.
- Multilateral Engagement: Facilitate multilateral mechanisms, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), to promote cooperation and confidence-building measures in the South China Sea.
- Legal Recourse: Explore legal avenues, such as arbitration under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), to resolve disputes and clarify maritime boundaries.
3. Simon Harris set to be Ireland’s youngest PM
Context: Simon Harris is poised to become Ireland’s youngest-ever Taoiseach (Prime Minister), bringing a fresh face and strong social media presence to the role.
- Dubbed the “TikTok Taoiseach,” Harris’s ascent to leadership reflects a shift towards younger leadership and digital engagement in Irish politics.
Issues
- Leadership Transition: Following Leo Varadkar’s resignation, Fine Gael seeks a new leader to lead the party into the upcoming elections.
- Youthful Leadership: Harris’s candidacy represents a departure from traditional political norms, emphasizing youth and digital communication.
- Party Fortunes: Fine Gael hopes Harris’s popularity and communication skills will rejuvenate the party’s image and electoral prospects.
Significance
- Generational Change: Harris’s election signals a generational shift in Irish politics, with younger leaders assuming prominent roles.
- Digital Politics: The rise of the “TikTok Taoiseach” underscores the increasing influence of social media in shaping political discourse and engagement.
- Party Dynamics: Fine Gael’s selection of Harris reflects the party’s recognition of the need for modernization and adaptation to appeal to younger voters.
4. Australia, Britain to build AUKUS subs
Context: Australia and Britain reaffirm their commitment to the AUKUS deal despite concerns over costs, capabilities, and potential political shifts, including the return of Donald Trump.
- AUKUS aims to bolster military capabilities among the three countries to counter China’s growing influence.
Issues
- Cost Concerns: Questions arise about the financial feasibility of developing and maintaining a fleet of nuclear-powered submarines under the AUKUS agreement.
- Capability Challenges: Doubts linger regarding the technical capabilities and effectiveness of nuclear-powered submarines in enhancing maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region.
- Political Uncertainty: The potential return of Donald Trump and his “America first” approach raises concerns about the stability and continuity of international agreements like AUKUS.
Significance
- Strategic Alliance: AUKUS represents a significant step in deepening military cooperation between Australia, Britain, and the United States, aimed at countering China’s assertiveness in the region.
- Technological Advancement: The development of nuclear-powered submarines signals a commitment to modernizing defense capabilities and maintaining military superiority in maritime domains.
- Diplomatic Implications: The success or failure of AUKUS could impact broader geopolitical dynamics, influencing alliances and power balances in the Indo-Pacific region.
5. Real GDP growth may hit 8% this fiscal year, signals FinMin
Context: The Finance Ministry suggests India’s real GDP growth for the fiscal year may reach around 8%, surpassing the National Statistical Office’s (NSO) projection of 7.6%.
- The Ministry cites ongoing economic momentum in the final quarter of 2023-24 as a key factor contributing to this optimistic outlook.
Details:
- GDP Growth Projection: Discrepancy between the Finance Ministry’s forecast of around 8% GDP growth and the NSO’s projection of 7.6% raises questions about economic performance and estimation methodologies.
- Risk Factors: Challenges such as rising crude oil prices and global supply chain disruptions pose risks to economic growth and stability in the upcoming fiscal year.
- Sectoral Dynamics: Disparities between urban and rural consumption demand underscore the need for targeted policies to stimulate overall economic activity and address regional disparities.
Significance
- Economic Recovery: Exceeding the NSO’s projection signals a potential acceleration in India’s economic recovery, bolstering investor confidence and paving the way for sustained growth.
- Inflation Management: Stable inflation within the RBI’s tolerance range and a positive outlook for the coming months alleviate concerns regarding purchasing power and cost-push inflation pressures.
- External Sector: Improvements in the current account balance and merchandise trade deficit reflect resilience in India’s external sector, albeit with cautionary notes on potential risks.
G. Tidbits
Nothing here for today!!!
H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions
Q1) Consider the following statements about Hepatitis B:
- Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease.
- The Hepatitis B virus is transmitted through contact with blood or other body fluids of an infected person.
- There is no cure for Hepatitis B, but it can be prevented with a vaccine that is a part of the Universal Immunization Programme in India.
How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Only one
- Only two
- All the three
- None of the above
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: c
Q2) Consider the following statements regarding the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, in India:
- The rules extend the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) to include not only manufacturers but also refurbishers and dismantlers.
- The definition of e-waste has been expanded to include solar photovoltaic modules or panels or cells under the 2022 rules.
- An online portal for the registration of producers, refurbishers, and recyclers of e-waste was introduced.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
- 1 and 3 only
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: c
Q3) Consider the following countries:
- Taiwan
- Philippines
- Brunei
- Vietnam
- Laos
How many of the above countries surround the South China Sea?
- Only two
- Only three
- Only four
- All the five
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: c
Q4) Consider the following statements:
- The James Webb telescope discovered two ancient threads of stars within the Milky Way named ‘Shiva’ and ‘Shakti’.
- These star threads are believed to have played a crucial role in the formation and structure of the Milky Way galaxy.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: b
Q5) Consider the following statements:
- Ballistic missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while cruise missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of flight.
- Agni-V is a medium-range supersonic cruise missile, while BrahMos is a solid-fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
CHECK ANSWERS:-
Answer: d
Click on the link for the video explanation of the above questions and answers.
I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions
- Analyze the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the existing world order. Discuss the role of major global powers in this conflict and the implications for international relations. Substantiate your answer with relevant examples. (15 marks, 250 words) [GS-2, International Relations]
- Examine the role of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a measure of economic progress. Discuss its limitations and the impact of GDP growth on socio-economic development. Provide examples from both developed and developing countries. (15 marks, 250 words) [GS-3, Economy]
Read previous CNA articles here.
Comments