Certificate Physical and Human Geography for UPSC Exam

The Certificate Physical and Human Geography by Goh Cheng Leong is one of the sources recommended by many IAS experts to cover geography part of the UPSC Syllabus and this source plays a major part especially in answering geography questions of General Studies Paper I of UPSC Prelims exam.

Why Certificate Physical and Human Geography Book for UPSC Exam?


The Certificate Physical and Human Geography is an accepted source by all the IAS aspirants to learn about climate change, climatic patterns, desserts, glaciers, types of natural vegetation, mountain chains, minerals or any other natural phenomenon.

The book contains much of geographical knowledge that one needs to possess, hence IAS aspirants appearing for UPSC Civil Services Exam and candidates aspiring for other competitive exams highly rely on the book.

Aspirants can check the following links to align their preparation for UPSC 2023 examination:

GC Leong Geography for UPSC

How the book is helpful for aspirants in the IAS Mains Exam Preparation


This book covers the basic details of most topics of physical and human geography in an easy-to-understand language with many illustrations, photographs, and maps along with a detailed explanation.

The book is divided into 2 sections and they are:

1. Physical Geography

This section covers in-depth information about existing

  • land masses
  • oceans, types of winds
  • rivers
  • glaciation
  • mountain types
  • groundwater
  • rainfall and its global patterns and such existing natural phenomenon

The detailed information on these topics is presented in a well-illustrated manner that makes reading a pleasure.

It also has information on Earth’s crust and the various natural forces present in our world. Also, there is a detailed section on earthquakes and volcanoes.

Aspirants can check out the following links to prepare for the upcoming UPSC Civil Services Exams Comprehensively –

Major landforms of the earth Marine Mineral Resources Characteristics Of Ocean Waves
NCERT Notes: Divisions Of The Ocean Floor  NCERT Notes: Ocean Salinity – Factors,  Difference between Sea and Ocean
Types of Wind – Permanent, Seasonal and Local Winds List Of Major Local Winds Around the Globe Glacial Landforms – Depositional 
Glaciers UPSC. Types of Glaciers Important Mountain Passes in India Longitudinal Division of Himalayas
Western Ghats – Importance, Biodiversity Highest Peaks in States of India  Monsoons in India
Rainfall Distribution in India NCERT Notes: Types Of Rainfall Climate, Vegetation and Wildlife
Tropical Rain Forest – Characteristics Understand Pressure Belts Of Earth  Rotation And Its Impact 
Tropical Cyclones – Formation, Facts & Characteristics  Physical Characteristics of Minerals Rare Earth Minerals – An Overview of Reserves

2. Global climatic zones

This section covers the following:

  • Existing global climatic zones of Savanna, Steppe, Mediterranean, Equatorial and Tropical Monsoon Climate
  • Aspects of Human Geography spread over these varied climatic zones
  • The types of agriculture practiced,
  • The urban centers,
  • Mineral wealth and
  • Developed industrial belts

At the end of every topic, a few questions are given which the aspirant can practice and assess his/her own learning.

This book is quite popular among IAS aspirants and also used by students preparing for various other competitive examinations.

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