Periodic Table of Elements

The periodic table is the tabular arrangement of all the chemical elements on the basis of their respective atomic numbers. In the periodic table, the vertical columns are called ‘groups’ and the horizontal rows are called ‘periods’. The modern periodic table is based on the modern periodic law put forward by the English physicist Henry Moseley, which states that “the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers”. Periodic trends in the properties of the elements can be observed down the groups and across the periods of the modern periodic table.

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Here is something interesting to check ⇒ Interactive Periodic Table

Elements on The Periodic Table

Every chemical element has a specific atomic number, which provides insight into the number of protons present within its nucleus. All isotopes of an element fall under a single cell on the periodic table, since they all share the same atomic number.

Periodic Table of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements – Atomic Number, Atomic Mass, Groups & Symbols

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List of Chemical Elements 

The table below consists of 118 elements of the periodic table, sorted by atomic number, atomic weight, symbols, density, discovered year and the group.

Atomic Number Atomic Mass Chemical Element Name Symbol Discovery (Year) Group
1 1.0079 Hydrogen H 1776 1
2 4.0026 Helium He 1895 18
3 6.941 Lithium Li 1817 1
4 9.0122 Beryllium Be 1797 2
5 10.811 Boron B 1808 13
6 12.0107 Carbon C Ancient 14
7 14.0067 Nitrogen N 1772 15
8 15.9994 Oxygen O 1774 16
9 18.9984 Fluorine F 1886 17
10 20.1797 Neon Ne 1898 18
11 22.9897 Sodium Na 1807 1
12 24.305 Magnesium Mg 1755 2
13 26.9815 Aluminum Al 1825 13
14 28.0855 Silicon Si 1824 14
15 30.9738 Phosphorus P 1669 15
16 32.065 Sulfur S Ancient 16
17 35.453 Chlorine Cl 1774 17
18 39.948 Argon Ar 1894 18
19 39.0983 Potassium K 1807 1
20 40.078 Calcium Ca 1808 2
21 44.9559 Scandium Sc 1879 3
22 47.867 Titanium Ti 1791 4
23 50.9415 Vanadium V 1830 5
24 51.9961 Chromium Cr 1797 6
25 54.938 Manganese Mn 1774 7
26 55.845 Iron Fe Ancient 8
27 58.9332 Cobalt Co 1735 9
28 58.6934 Nickel Ni 1751 10
29 63.546 Copper Cu Ancient 11
30 65.39 Zinc Zn Ancient 12
31 69.723 Gallium Ga 1875 13
32 72.64 Germanium Ge 1886 14
33 74.9216 Arsenic As Ancient 15
34 78.96 Selenium Se 1817 16
35 79.904 Bromine Br 1826 17
36 83.798 Krypton Kr 1898 18
37 85.4678 Rubidium Rb 1861 1
38 87.62 Strontium Sr 1790 2
39 88.906 Yttrium Y 1794 3
40 91.224 Zirconium Zr 1789 4
41 92.906 Niobium Nb 1801 5
42 95.94 Molybdenum Mo 1781 6
43 98 Technetium Tc 1937 7
44 101.07 Ruthenium Ru 1844 8
45 102.91 Rhodium Rh 1803 9
46 106.42 Palladium Pd 1803 10
47 107.87 Silver Ag Ancient 11
48 112.411 Cadmium Cd 1817 12
49 114.82 Indium In 1863 13
50 118.71 Tin Sn Ancient 14
51 121.76 Antimony Sb Ancient 15
52 127.6 Tellurium Te 1783 16
53 126.9045 Iodine I 1811 17
54 131.293 Xenon Xe 1898 18
55 132.91 Cesium Cs 1860 1
56 137.327 Barium Ba 1808 2
57 138.91 Lanthanum La 1839 3
58 140.12 Cerium Ce 1803 101
59 140.9077 Praseodymium Pr 1885 101
60 144.24 Neodymium Nd 1885 101
61 145 Promethium Pm 1945 101
62 150.36 Samarium Sm 1879 101
63 151.964 Europium Eu 1901 101
64 157.25 Gadolinium Gd 1880 101
65 158.9253 Terbium Tb 1843 101
66 162.5 Dysprosium Dy 1886 101
67 164.9303 Holmium Ho 1867 101
68 167.259 Erbium Er 1842 101
69 168.9342 Thulium Tm 1879 101
70 173.04 Ytterbium Yb 1878 101
71 174.967 Lutetium Lu 1907 101
72 178.49 Hafnium Hf 1923 4
73 180.9479 Tantalum Ta 1802 5
74 183.84 Tungsten W 1783 6
75 186.207 Rhenium Re 1925 7
76 190.23 Osmium Os 1803 8
77 192.22 Iridium Ir Ancient 11
78 195.08 Platinum Pt 1803 9
79 196.97 Gold Au 1735 10
80 200.59 Mercury Hg Ancient 12
81 204.3833 Thallium Tl 1861 13
82 207.2 Lead Pb Ancient 14
83 208.9804 Bismuth Bi Ancient 15
84 209 Polonium Po 1898 16
85 210 Astatine At 1940 17
86 222 Radon Rn 1900 18
87 223 Francium Fr 1939 1
88 226 Radium Ra 1898 2
89 227 Actinium Ac 1899 3
90 232.0381 Thorium Th 1829 102
91 231.0359 Protactinium Pa 1913 102
92 238.0289 Uranium U 1789 102
93 237 Neptunium Np 1940 102
94 244 Plutonium Pu 1940 102
95 243 Americium Am 1944 102
96 247 Curium Cm 1944 102
97 247 Berkelium Bk 1949 102
98 251 Californium Cf 1950 102
99 252 Einsteinium Es 1952 102
100 257 Fermium Fm 1952 102
101 258 Mendelevium Md 1955 102
102 259 Nobelium No 1958 102
103 262 Lawrencium Lr 1961 102
104 267 Rutherfordium Rf 1964 4
105 268 Dubnium Db 1967 5
106 269 Seaborgium Sg 1974 6
107 270 Bohrium Bh 1981 7
108 269 Hassium Hs 1984 8
109 277 Meitnerium Mt 1982 9
110 281 Darmstadtium Ds 1994 10
111 282 Roentgenium Rg 1994 11
112 285 Copernicium Cn 1996 12
113 286 Nihonium Nh 2003 13
114 290 Flerovium Fl 1998 14
115 290 Moscovium Mc 2010 15
116 293 Livermorium Lv 2000 16
117 294 Tennessine Ts 2010 17
118 294 Oganesson Og 2006 18

Atomic Number of Elements

There are about ninety elements found on Earth. Each one has a different number of protons, electrons and neutrons. The total number of these subatomic particles held by the respective elements are responsible for their unique properties (including radioactivity).
The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number. The atomic number of each element is unique. The combined number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called the atomic mass number. While the atomic number always stays the same. Some elements have atoms with different atomic mass numbers. This is because some elements have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus. Versions of an element with different atomic mass numbers are called isotopes.

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

Q1

What is atomic number?

The atomic number of an element is equal to the total number of protons in the nucleus of the atoms of that element. The atomic number can provide insight into the electronic configuration of the element. For example, carbon has an electron configuration of [He] 2s2 2p2, since its atomic number is 6.

Q2

What is the atomic number and mass number?

The number of protons and the number of neutrons shall determine the mass number of an element. Since the isotopes of an element have slightly different mass numbers, it calculates the atomic mass by obtaining the mean of the mass numbers for its isotopes.

Q3

Can two different elements have the same atomic number?

Atoms from two different elements may have the same neutron count, but never the same proton count. The number of protons is unique to the element and it represents the number of atoms.

Q4

How do we calculate atomic mass?

Add the mass of protons and neutrons to compute the atomic mass of a single atom of an element. Example: Find the atomic mass of a carbon isotope which has 7 neutrons. From the periodic table, you can see that carbon has an atomic number of 6, which is its proton number.

Q5

Why is atomic number important?

Atomic number is called the number of protons in an atom. This number is very important, because it is unique to a given element’s atoms. An element’s atoms all have the same number of protons and each element has a different number of protons in its atoms.

 

 

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  21. suhana
    July 26, 2020 at 2:57 pm

    what is the unit for atomic mass number?
    How to calculate number of atoms an element has?

    Reply
    • Mentor
      July 27, 2020 at 10:16 am

      Atomic mass is an absolute mass, relative isotopic mass is a number without proportions and without units.

      To measure the number of atoms in a sample you will figure out how many moles the sample element contains. A mole is the choice of unit chemists. It’s equal to Avogadro’s number (6.02 X 1023) of atoms. For each element the atomic weight is on the periodic table right under the symbol of the element. The carbon atomic weight is 12 units of atomic mass (amu), so the weight of one mole is 12 grams.

      A sample consisting the atoms of a single element, weights the sample in grams and separates the element by its atomic weight. The quotient shows you how many moles it has. Multiply this by the amount of Avogadro, and you can figure out how many atoms the sample contains.

      Reply
  22. Hiyansh
    August 2, 2020 at 7:53 pm

    Who discover hydrogen ?

    Reply
  23. RAIHAN
    August 3, 2020 at 9:40 pm

    Explain the following and give suitable examples with balanced chemical equations.
    a. Reaction of metals with oxygen
    b. Reaction of non-metals with oxygen
    c. Reaction of metals with water
    d. Reaction of metals with acid

    Reply
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  29. karthik ramesh
    November 1, 2020 at 1:54 pm

    who discovered krypton and what is its valency?

    Reply
    • Mentor
      November 2, 2020 at 10:19 am

      Krypton was discovered in Britain in 1898 by William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris Travers, an English chemist, in residue left from evaporating nearly all components of liquid air.

      Reply