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Give four characteristics of structural isomers.


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Solution

Structural isomers:

  • A structural isomer is one in which two or more organic compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures.
  • Constitutional isomerism is a term used to describe structural isomerism.
  • The functional groups and atoms in these isomers' molecules are linked in various ways.
  • Because structural isomers may or may not include the same functional group, they are given different IUPAC designations.
  • These are also known as constitutional isomers.

Characteristics of structural isomers:

  • The characteristics of structural isomers depend on the type of structural isomer.
  • On the basis of type, they are classified as skeletal isomers, positional isomers, and functional group isomers.
  • Skeletal isomers or chain isomers are the ones in which components of the chain are arranged in a different order.
  • Position isomer or regioisomer is the constitutional isomer in which a functional group changes position on a parent structure.
  • Functional group isomerism is the structural isomers with the same molecular formula, but in which the atoms are connected differently.

Examples of structural isomers:

  • The structure of propane (C4H10) is a straightforward example of a structural isomer with many isomers.
  • The structural isomers increase as the number of carbon atoms in the alkane molecule increases.


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