Question

What is Group 5 called?

Answer 1

Vanadium ($\mathrm{V}$), Niobium ($\mathrm{Nb}$), Tantalum ($\mathrm{Ta}$), and Dubnium ($\mathrm{Db}$) are all members of Group 5. This group belongs to the periodic table's d-block. The group does not have a simple name; it is part of the transition metals' larger classification. The features of the Group 5 are as follows:

1. The Nitrogen family, commonly known as pnicogens, includes Group 5 elements. The oxidation states of this substance range from $-3$ to $+5$.
2. They can produce non-stoichiometric hydrides as well as colourful compounds due to d-d electronic transitions.
3. In nature, Group 5 metals are found as oxide ores, which contain the metals in their highest oxidation state ($+5$). Due to Lanthanide contraction, the covalent and ionic radii of Nb and Ta are nearly equal because these elements are typically found in the same ores.
4. The $+5$ oxidation state dominates the chemistry of the two heaviest Group 5 metals ($\mathrm{Nb}\mathrm{and}\mathrm{Ta}$). Lower oxidation states, particularly $+4$, dominate the chemistry of the lightest element ($\mathrm{V}$).
5. The general electronic configuration of Group 5 is $\left(\mathrm{n}-1\right){\mathrm{d}}^3{\mathrm{ns}}^2$with a period from 4 to 7.
6. The lighter three Group 5 elements occur naturally and have comparable properties; under typical conditions, all three are hard refractory metals. Dubnium, the fourth element, has been created in laboratories but has yet to be discovered in nature, with the most stable isotope, Dubnium-268, having a half-life of only 29 hours and other isotopes being much more radioactive.
7. The atomic number and atomic radii of Vanadium, Niobium, Tantalum, and Dubnium are 23 (134pm), 41 (146pm), 73 (146pm), and 105 (149pm).