Question

What makes a Buffer system?

Answer 1

Buffer system:

• Buffer solutions can be defined as a solution that can resist $\mathrm{pH}$ change, when a small amount of acid or base is added to them.
• They are used as a means of keeping nearly constant $\mathrm{pH}$ in a wide variety of chemical applications.
• There are two types of buffer solutions:
• (A) Acidic Buffer: A buffer solution that is made up of a weak acid and its salt with a strong base, and the buffer solution has a $\mathrm{pH}$ value of less than $7$.
• Examples: Acetic acid and Sodium acetate ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COOH}\mathrm{and}{\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COONa}$.
• (B) Basic Buffer. A buffer solution is made up of a weak base and its salt with a strong acid, and the buffer solution has a $\mathrm{pH}$ value of more than $7$.
• Examples: Ammonium hydroxide $\left({\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_4\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}\right)$ and Ammonium chloride $\left({\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_4\mathrm{Cl}\right)$.