Reverse-biased diodes are always used while operating zener diodes.
When the p-side of the diode is connected to the battery's negative voltage and the n-side is coupled to its positive voltage, the condition is known as reverse bias.
The depletion layer's thickness rises as a result of this. Because of this, very little current can pass through the PN junction.
Breakdown occurs in the depletion layer as the reverse bias voltage is raised over the critical point, and a current begins to flow. A Zener breakdown or an avalanche breakdown is typically the breakdown.