Question

Do Gymnosperms lack companion cells?

Answer 1

Gymnosperms:

Unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by fully developed ovaries, or fruits, gymnosperms, or any vascular plant, reproduce by the use of an exposed seed, or ovule.

Companion cell:

1. Each companion cell is usually intimately related to a sieve element.
2. Its purpose is to keep an eye on the action of the sieve element adjacent to it and to help with the loading and unloading of sugar into it.
3. Unlike angiosperms, gymnosperms do not have companion cells.
4. They only have sieve cells for food conduction and albuminous cells that fulfill companion cell's functions.