Question

The rupture and fractionation do not usually occur in the water column in

• A. Weak gravitational pull
• B. Cohesion and adhesion
• C. Lignified thick wall
• D. Transpiration pull

Answer 1

The correct option is B

Cohesion and adhesion

The correct option is B

Explanation of the correct option:

1. Ascent of sap refers to the vertical movement of water from the roots to other portions, aerial parts, or upper sections of the plant.
2. Cohesion and adhesion forces are the key factors involved in the movement of water from roots to aerial portions.
3. Because of the hydrogen bonds that connect the water molecules, cohesive forces are present between them.
4. Because these forces are so strong, even gravitational pull has no impact on the flow of the water.
5. This is why the continuity of the water flow never ruptures.
6. Adhesive forces are another factor that contributes to conduction; they exist between water molecules and the tracheal walls, preventing the flow from breaking down and allowing water to enter all areas of the plant with ease.
   Explanation for Incorrect option:

Option A:

Transpiration or gravitational force can put a strain on a system, making them potential triggers for a column rupture.

Option C:

The only purpose of lignified walls is to provide structural support.

Option D:

1. The column doesn't break because of cohesion and adhesion, two attractive forces that outweigh the strain caused by transpiration pull.
2. Cohesion is the attraction of water molecules to one another, while adhesion is the attraction of water molecules to the tube walls.
   

Final answer:
The rupture and fractionation do not usually occur in the water column in cohesion and adhesion.