In meiosis I, during prophase, the homologous chromosomes pair, and form synapses.
The paired chromosomes are known as bivalent and consist of two chromosomes with two sister chromatids, thereby four sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes are linked together by charisma, thus forming a tetrad.
Bivalent are homologous chromosomes that are in synapse during meiosis.
In a bivalent chromosome, one chromosome comes from the mother while the other comes from the father.