Genetically modified organisms ( GMOs )
- These are those in which DNA from the desired organism is inserted in the laboratory. These are also known as transgenic organisms.
- GMOs are created in the laboratory using scientific methods like Recombinant DNA technology and Reproductive cloning.
- In Recombinant DNA technology, one or more genes from an organism are inserted into the DNA of another organism. On the other hand, reproductive cloning involves the extraction of a mature somatic cell from the desired organism and is inserted into the egg of the target organism that has its own nucleus removed.
- Genetically modified organisms offer many potential benefits to the environment. It helps in reducing ecological damage. For instance, certain genetically engineered bacteria can produce biodegradable plastics.
- A bacterium called Ralstonia eutropha converts glucose and some other acids into a flexible polymer. This polymer is used for making plastic.