Gymnosperm
- Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants, but as opposed to angiosperms, they produce seeds without fruits.
- These plants develop on the surface of scales or leaves, or at the end of stalks forming a cone-like structure.
- These are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed within the ovary wall. It remains exposed after and before fertilization and before developing into a seed.
Gymnosperm seeds: Seeds of gymnosperms either develop on the surface of leaves or scales and are usually modified to form cones or solitary (Ginkgo, Torreya).
Examples- Conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes.