Question

What is meant by mutation?

Answer 1

Mutation:

1. Any sudden change in the DNA sequence is known as a mutation.
2. It alters the genetic message carried by the gene because the genotype and phenotype are altered.
3. It results from the insertion or deletion of segments of DNA.

Types of mutation:

1. Germline mutation occurs commonly in the gametes.
2. A chromosomal mutation changes the chromosomal structures
3. Point mutation leads to a change in a single nucleotide.
4. Frameshift mutations occur due to addition or subtraction of nucleotides. It changes the reading frame and can eventually alter the protein synthesized.