Question

1. Fold mountains
2. Block mountains
3. Volcanic mountains
4. Intermontane plateaus
5. Continental plateaus
6. Plains

Answer 1

1. Fold mountains: These mountains are formed by the folding of tectonic layers within the Earth's surface. They are of two types: young fold mountains and old fold mountains. The Himalayas and the Rockies are of recent origin; hence, they are called young fold mountains. The Aravallis, on the other hand, are comparatively old, so they are called old fold mountains.

2. Block mountains: The horizontal movement of plates results into cracks and faults on the Earth's surface. With the breaking of these faults, blocks emerge. When they rise to a high elevation, they are referred to as block mountains. They have steep slopes and flat tops. One example is the Black Forest in Germany.

3. Volcanic mountains: These mountains are formed as a result of the solidification of the lava that comes of the volcanos and gets accumulated near their mouth. Cotopaxi in South America, Fujiyama in Japan and Rainier in the USA are the mountains of volcanic origin.

4. Intermontane plateaus: These are the plateaus that are enclosed between high mountains. They are very high and complex structures of the Earth. For example, the Tibetan Plateau is the highest plateau in the world. It is bounded by the Himalayas and covers a large part of Asia and Central Asia.

5. Continental plateaus: The plateaus that rise abruptly from either seas or lowlands are referred to as continental plateaus. The Potwar Plateau in Pakistan and the Ranchi Plateau in India are continental plateaus.

6. Plains: They are the lowlands formed by the deposition of silt caused by the running water of rivers. The silt and sand brought by the rivers get deposited and result into the formation of plains. These areas are generally very fertile; hence, they are densely populated, for example, the Northern Plains of India.