1.for separating the components of mixture when when do we use fractional distillation as a separation technique give two example
.What i
s the role of Glass bead packed in the fractionating column
.What i
s the role of Glass bead packed in the fractionating column
Fractional distillation is a process by which components in a chemical mixtureare separated into different parts (called fractions) according to their different boiling points. Fractional distillation is used to purify chemicals and also to separate mixtures to obtain their components.
It's used as a lab technique and in industry, where the process has vast commercial significance.
The chemical and petroleum industry rely on fractional distillation. How Fractional Distillation Works Vapors from a boiling solution are passed along a tall column, called a fractionating column. The column is packed with plastic or glass beads to improve the separation by providing more surface area for condensation and evaporation. The temperature of the column gradually decreases along its length. Components with a higher boiling points condense on the column and return to the solution; components with a lower boiling points (more volatile) pass through the column and are collected near the top. Theoretically, having more beads or plates improves the separation, but adding plates also increases the time and energy required to complete a distillation.
Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil Gasoline and many other chemicals are produced from crude oil using fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated until it evaporates.
Different fractions condense at certain temperature ranges. The chemicals in a certain fraction are hydrocarbons with comparable numbers of carbon atoms. From hot to cold (largest hydrocarbons to smallest), the fractions may be residue (used to make bitumen), fuel oil, diesel, kerosene, naphtha, gasoline, and refinery gas.
Fractional Distillation of Ethanol Fractional distillation cannot completely separate the components of a mixture of ethanol and water, despite the different boiling points of the two chemicals. Water boils at 100 °C while ethanol boils at 78.4 °C. If an alcohol-water mixture is boiled, the ethanol will concentrate in the vapor, but only up to a point because alcohol and water form an azeotrope. Once the mixture reaches the point where it consists of 96% ethanol and 4% water, the mixture is more volatile (boils at 78.2 °C) than the ethanol.
The efficiency of fractional distillation depends on the use of the fractionating column. The fractionating column is packed with glass beads. It provides a large surface area for vaporization and condensation of the liquid mixture.
Fractional distillation is a process by which components in a chemical mixtureare separated into different parts (called fractions) according to their different boiling points. Fractional distillation is used to purify chemicals and also to separate mixtures to obtain their components.
It's used as a lab technique and in industry, where the process has vast commercial significance.
The chemical and petroleum industry rely on fractional distillation. How Fractional Distillation WorksVapors from a boiling solution are passed along a tall column, called a fractionating column. The column is packed with plastic or glass beads to improve the separation by providing more surface area for condensation and evaporation. The temperature of the column gradually decreases along its length. Components with a higher boiling points condense on the column and return to the solution; components with a lower boiling points (more volatile) pass through the column and are collected near the top. Theoretically, having more beads or plates improves the separation, but adding plates also increases the time and energy required to complete a distillation.
Fractional Distillation of Crude OilGasoline and many other chemicals are produced from crude oil using fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated until it evaporates.
Different fractions condense at certain temperature ranges. The chemicals in a certain fraction are hydrocarbons with comparable numbers of carbon atoms. From hot to cold (largest hydrocarbons to smallest), the fractions may be residue (used to make bitumen), fuel oil, diesel, kerosene, naphtha, gasoline, and refinery gas.
Fractional Distillation of EthanolFractional distillation cannot completely separate the components of a mixture of ethanol and water, despite the different boiling points of the two chemicals. Water boils at 100 °C while ethanol boils at 78.4 °C. If an alcohol-water mixture is boiled, the ethanol will concentrate in the vapor, but only up to a point because alcohol and water form an azeotrope. Once the mixture reaches the point where it consists of 96% ethanol and 4% water, the mixture is more volatile (boils at 78.2 °C) than the ethanol.
The efficiency of fractional distillation depends on the use of the fractionating column. The fractionating column is packed with glass beads. It provides a large surface area for vaporization and condensation of the liquid mixture.
