Question 34.1

Structures of molecules of two compounds are given below.

Which of the two compounds will have intermolecular hydrogen bonding and which compound is expected to show intramolecular hydrogen bonding?

(ii) The melting point of the compound depends on, among other things, the extent of hydrogen bonding. On this basis explain which of the above two compounds will show higher melting point?

(iii) The solubility of compounds in water depends on power to form hydrogen bonds with water. Which of the above compounds will form a hydrogen bond with easily and be more soluble in it?

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Solution

Compound (I) will form intramolecular H-bonding. Intramolecular H-bonding is formed when H-atom, in between the two highly electronegative atoms, is present within the same molecule. In ortho-nitrophenol (compound I), H-atom is in between the two oxygen atoms.

Compound (II) forms intermolecular H-bonding. In para-nitrophenol (II) there is a gap between $N O_{2}$ and OH group. So, H-bond exists between H-atom of one molecule and O-atom of another molecule as depicted below.

(ii) Compound (II) will have higher melting point because large number of molecules are joined together by H-bonds.

(iii) Due to intramolecular H-bonding, compound (I) is not able to form H-bond with water, so it is less soluble in water. While molecules of compound II form H-bonding with $H_{2} O$ easily, therefore, the compound (I) easily and be more soluble in water.

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Similar questions

Q. Structure of molecules of two compounds are given below :
(a) Which of the two compounds will have inter molecular hydrogen bonding and which compound is expected to show intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

(b) The melting point of a compound depends on, among other things, the extent of hydrogen bonding. On this basis explain which of the above two compounds will show higher melting point.

(c) Solubility of compounds in water depends on power to form hydrogen bonds with water. Which of the above compounds will form hydrogen bond with water easily and be more soluble in it?

Q. Hydrogen bonds are formed in many compounds e.g.,

H_{2} O, H F a n d N H_{3}

. The boiling point of such compounds depends to a large extent on the strength of the hydrogen bond and the number of hydrogen bonds. The correct decreasing order of the boiling points of the above compounds is :

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H_{2} O

H F

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Question 04

Hydrogen bonds are formed in many compounds e.g., $H_{2} O, H F, N H_{3}$ . The boiling point of such compounds depends to a extent on the strength of hydrogen bond and the number of hydrogen bonds. The correct decreasing order of the boiling points above compounds is

(a) $H F > H_{2} O > N H_{3}$

(b) $H_{2} O > H F > N H_{3}$

(d) $N H_{3} > H_{2} O > H F$

Q. Which one of the following compounds shows the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bond ?

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