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Refining of Metals

2.5 V is requ...

Question

2.5 V is required for the following electrolytic reduction of Al2O3 at a high temperature: 2 Al2O3 4 Al + 3 O2 The Gibb’s energy for the decomposition of aluminium oxide at same temperature is +5211 kJ mol–1 +2895 kJ mol–1 +1960 kJ mol–1 +960 kJ mol–1

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A l_{2} O_{3}

500^{o} C

\frac{2}{3} A l_{2} O_{3} \to \frac{4}{3} A l + O_{2}; Δ G = + 966 k J m o l^{- 1}

(A l_{2} O_{3})

500^{o} C

A l_{2} O_{3}

500^{\circ} C

\frac{2}{3} A l_{2} O_{3} \to \frac{4}{3} A l + O_{2}; △_{r} G = + 966 k J m o l^{- 1}

A l_{2} O_{3}

500^{\circ}

A l_{2} O_{3}

500^{0} C

\frac{2}{3} A l_{2} O_{3} ⟶ \frac{4}{3} A l + O_{2}

△_{r} G = + 960 k J m o l^{- 1}

(A l_{2} O_{3})

500^{0} C

A l_{2} O_{3}

500^{0} C

\frac{2}{3} A l_{2} O_{3} \to \frac{4}{3} A l + O_{2}

Δ_{r x n} G = + 960 k J m o l^{- 1}

(A l_{2} O_{3})

500^{o} C

6 k J m o l^{- 1} K^{- 1}

25^{o} C, △ G_{f}^{o} o f A l_{2} O_{3} (s) = - 1582 k J m o l^{- 1}; △ H_{f}^{o} o f L i_{2} O (s) = 1244 k J / m o l a n d △ H_{f}^{o}

N a_{2} O (s) = 1411 k J / m o l .

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