Question

3 Function of DNA and RNA

Answer 1

DNA is a continuous long double helical structure that turns into genes or proteins and chromosome by breaking itself appropriately during cell division.

• The three main functions of DNA are as follows.

1. To form proteins and RNA. It is RNA that helps in passing genetic information from nucleus to the cytoplasm, hence referred as m-RNA.
2. To exchange the genetic material of parental chromosomes during meiotic cell division.
3. To facilitate occurring mutations and even mutational change in a single nucleotide pair, called point mutation.

A primary function of RNA is to provide a copy of DNA sequence, and to move out of nucleus (if a cell is a eukaryote). Once RNA is created, is serves a number of functions:
1.as mRNA, provides a template for protein synthesis by ribosome, with a sequence of amino acids corresponding to the sequence stored in DNA;
2.as rRNA, makes about half of the ribosome structure (the other half being proteins);
3.as tRNA, transports amino acids to a ribosome for inclusion in a polypeptide chain being synthesized;
4.some RNAs have enzymic activity (ribozymes), and act as enzymes;